排序方式: 共有32条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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硒对镉胁迫下菠菜生理特性、元素含量及镉吸收转运的影响 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
为了探讨硒(Se)对菠菜中的镉(Cd)胁迫造成毒害的缓解作用,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度Se(0、0.5、2.0、4.0 mg·L-1)对不同浓度Cd(0.5和2.0 mg·kg-1)胁迫下菠菜生理特性、元素含量及Cd吸收转运的影响.结果表明:不同浓度的Se可使丙二醛(MDA)积累量显著降低,最佳作用下分别为两种浓度Cd单一胁迫下的53.93%和41.79%;不同浓度的Se可以缓解Cd胁迫对菠菜地上部和根部的抑制作用,最佳缓解条件下,菠菜地上部和根部的鲜重分别为两种浓度Cd单一胁迫时的1.13倍、1.29倍和1.31倍、1.37倍,干重分别为1.78倍、2.09倍和3.03倍、4.36倍;叶绿素含量显著提高,在最佳缓解浓度下分别是两种浓度Cd单一胁迫时的1.51倍和1.35倍;与两种浓度Cd单一胁迫相比,最佳缓解浓度下超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高了36.0%和42.8%;外源Se可以使地上部和根部的K、Na、Ca和Mg等元素的含量不同程度的增加;施Se可以有效的抑制菠菜根部对Cd的吸收、富集和向地上部的转运,使菠菜地上部和根部Cd含量显著降低,分别为两种浓度Cd单一胁迫下的65.77%、75.92%和46.11%、70.01%,表明外源Se能有效的减轻Cd胁迫对菠菜的毒害作用.对本研究所用的两种浓度Cd来说,最佳的缓解浓度为2.0 mg·L-1和4.0 mg·L-1. 相似文献
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生物净化集成系统改善精养池塘水质的效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2008年7月-9月,将3个精养池塘分隔为鱼类养殖区和水质净化区,除了对照池外,在另外两个试验池净化区构建了由水蕹菜、滤食性贝类和生物刷组成的集成生物净化系统来净化精养池塘的水质,并在8月初引进高分子纳米增氧管来改善池塘溶氧水平。2个阶段的试验结果表明,该集成生物净化系统在净化池塘养殖水中氮、磷营养盐和有机污染物方面具有明显的功能优势互补,对水中TSS、TN、TAN、NO2--N、NO3--N、PO43--P和TP都有较好地去除效果。而高分子纳米增氧管使得池塘溶氧始终保持在5 mg.L-1以上。3个池塘两阶段的内梅罗水质综合营养指数表明,2号池第二阶段生物净化材料密度配置稍高。 相似文献
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Effects of sepiolite on stabilization remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and its ecological evaluation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yuebing SUN Dan ZHAO Yingming XU Lin WANG Xuefeng LIANG Yue SHEN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):85-92
Stabilization in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils has been gaining prominence because of its cost-effectiveness and rapid implementation. In this study, microbial properties such as microbial community and enzyme activities, chemical properties such as soil pH and metal fraction, and heavy metal accumulation in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were considered in assessing stabilization remediation effectiveness using sepiolite. Results showed that soil pH values increased with rising sepiolite concentration. Sequential extraction results indicated that the addition of sepiolite converted significant amounts of exchangeable fraction of Cd and Pb into residual form. Treatments of sepiolite were observed to reduce Cd and Pb translocation from the soil to the roots and shoots of spinach. Concentrations of Cd and Pb exhibited 12.6%–51.0% and 11.5%–46.0% reduction for the roots, respectively, and 0.9%–46.2% and 43.0%–65.8% reduction for the shoots, respectively, compared with the control group. Increase in fungi and actinomycete counts, as well as in catalase activities, indicated that soil metabolic recovery occurred after sepiolite treatments. 相似文献
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污灌与镉胁迫对菠菜几种抗氧化酶活性的影响(Effects of Sewage Irrigation and Cadmium Stresses on the Activities of Several Antioxidant Enzymes of Spinach) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨污水灌溉与镉胁迫对菠菜抗氧化酶活性的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,分别用清水和生活污水配制不同浓度(0、1、5、10、50mg·L-1)的Cd2+溶液,对菠菜进行受试处理,每5d灌喷1次,共处理5次.分别采用邻苯二酚比色法、L-苯丙氨酸比色法、水杨酸比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,对菠菜叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3glucanase)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行了测定.结果表明:1)清水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与清水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT活性略有升高,β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性略有降低,各暴露组与清水对照组相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).2)污水处理系列:随着镉处理浓度的增大,与污水对照相比,PPO、PAL活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,CAT和β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性呈逐渐降低趋势;各暴露组与污水对照相比,均呈现显著差异(p<0.05).3)相同Cd2+浓度下,与清水处理相比,各浓度污水处理PAL和PPO活性均明显降低(p<0.05);而β-1,3葡聚糖酶明显升高(p<0.05).以上结果显示:单一镉污染和生活污水与镉复合污染对菠菜不同抗氧化系统酶具有不同影响,这可能与污水中各成分与镉的相互作用有关. 相似文献
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菠菜对土壤中毒死蜱残留的吸收研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
农田土壤中农药污染是农产品质量全程控制的重要环节。采用盆栽法研究菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.spinach)对土壤中毒死蜱的吸收情况。结果表明土壤中的毒死蜱能够被菠菜吸收,吸收量与土壤中的残留量呈一定的线性关系,r2=0.9538。土壤中毒死蜱残留量为3.74~67.7mg·kg-1时,菠菜中毒死蜱残留量为0.006~1.098mg·kg-1。毒死蜱在土壤中的残留量不同,其降解速率也不同,半衰期从15.4d到44.4d不等。土壤中高毒死蜱残留时能够影响菠菜产量,造成单株重量下降;但不影响菠菜的出苗率,处理间没有显著差异。试验结果表明即使土壤中含有毒死蜱残留,在正常情况不会对菠菜中毒死蜱残留造成很大影响,产品符合我国食品中规定毒死蜱在叶菜类为0.1mg·kg-1的标准要求,但是蔬菜加工出口企业要关注土壤中毒死蜱残留问题,以免生产出不符合进口国要求的菠菜产品。该试验研究为农产品全程质量控制和农田农药污染指标的设定提供一些理论依据。 相似文献
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Lead toxicity, defense strategies and associated indicative biomarkers in Talinum triangulare grown hydroponically 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Talinum species have been used to investigate a variety of environmental problems for e.g. determination of metal pollution index and total petroleum hydrocarbons in roadside soils, stabilization and reclamation of heavy metals (HMs) in dump sites, removal of HMs from storm water-runoff and green roof leachates. Species of Talinum are popular leaf vegetables having nutrient antinutrient properties. In this study, Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd (Ceylon spinach) grown hydroponically were exposed to different concentrations of lead (Pb) (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mM) to investigate the biomarkers of toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. Relative water content, cell death, photosynthetic pigments, sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), anthocyanins, α-tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and elemental analysis have been investigated. The results showed that Pb in roots and shoots gradually increased as the function of Pb exposure; however Pb concentration in leaves was below detectable level. Chlorophylls and SQDG contents increased at 0.25 mM of Pb treatment in comparison to control at all treated durations, thereafter decreased. Levels of carotenoid, anthocyanins, α-tocopherol, and lipid peroxidation increased in Pb treated plants compared to control. Water content, cells death and elemental analysis suggested the damage of transport system interfering with nutrient transport causing cell death. The present study also explained that Pb imposed indirect oxidative stress in leaves is characterized by decreases in GSH/GSSG ratio with increased doses of Pb treatment. Lead-induced oxidative stress was alleviated by carotenoids, anthocyanins, α-tocopherol and glutathione suggesting that these defense responses as potential biomarkers for detecting Pb toxicity. 相似文献
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几种常用农药在菠菜中的残留动态研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在露地栽培条件下,研究了氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、毒死蜱和百菌清在菠菜生产中的残留降解动态.试验结果表明,不同农药在菠菜体内的降解速度有很大差异,其残留量随用药后时间的延长而减少.在推荐用量和加倍用量叶面喷洒处理条件下,毒死蜱的半衰期分别为3.95 d和4.61 d,氯氰菊酯的半衰期分别为5.03 d和5.88 d,氰戊菊酯的半衰期分别为5.26 d和7.22 d,百菌清的半衰期分别为2.63 d和3.39 d.在试验的4种农药中,氰戊菊酯的半衰期最长,百菌清的半衰期最短.因此,在菠菜生产中使用农药时,应充分考虑所用农药的半衰期,严格掌握安全间隔期,确保生产的菠菜达到无公害菠菜的质量标准要求. 相似文献
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