内螺纹变截面铜管拉伸工艺的研究

此文提出了内螺纹变截面铜管分段拉仲一次成形新工艺,并就工艺因素对该管拉伸成形的影响进行了试验研究,从而为合理制订成形工艺提供了依据。     

The Thermal Discharges From Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan

The increasing use of sea water for industrial cooling presents a real threat to the ecological environment in the ocean. in Taiwan where many electric power plants along the coast take sea water for cooling, people are concerned seriously about nuclear power plants. There are three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Each plant has two units for generating power. the first two are located along the northern coast of Taiwan. the third is located in Kenting National Park along the coast of southernmost Taiwan. the plants take sea water for cooling, and discharge their heated effluents to the ocean surface from the coast. the thermal effluents have variable effects on the ecological environment near the plants. Fishermen living near the power plants complain that the heated water affects the inshore fishery catch. in addition, the thermal water from the second plant is easily accumulated near the coastal zone to influence the nearby swimming area in the summer-time. the thermal water from the third plant bleaches or kills some corals in shallow water near the outlet, and this conflicts with the interests of Kenting National Park.     

广州轨道交通三号线高速行驶条件下对安全限界的影响研究

给出了轨道交通车辆横向偏移量的计算方法 ,并应用列车 -线路动力耦合模型 ,分析了广州地铁三号线的安全限界变化问题。确定了当前按 80km/h行车速度设计的建筑限界能满足 13 0km/h行车速度的要求 ,限界尺寸不需改动可保证列车运行安全平稳     

Influence of floc dynamic protection layer on alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling induced by humic substances

Cake layer formation is inevitable over time for ultrafiltration (UF) membrane-based drinking water treatment. Although the cake layer is always considered to cause membrane fouling, it can also act as a “dynamic protection layer”, as it further adsorbs pollutants and dramatically reduces their chance of getting to the membrane surface. Here, the UF membrane fouling performance was investigated with pre-deposited loose flocs in the presence of humic acid (HA). The results showed that the floc dynamic protection layer played an important role in removing HA. The higher the solution pH, the more negative the floc charge, resulting in lower HA removal efficiency due to the electrostatic repulsion and large pore size of the floc layer. With decreasing solution pH, a positively charged floc dynamic protection layer was formed, and more HA molecules were adsorbed. The potential reasons were ascribed to the smaller floc size, greater positive charge, and higher roughness of the floc layer. However, similar membrane fouling performance was also observed for the negative and positive floc dynamic protection layers due to their strong looseness characteristics. In addition, the molecular weight (MW) distribution of HA also played an important role in UF membrane fouling behavior. For the small MW HA molecules, the chance of forming a loose cake layer was high with a negatively charged floc dynamic protection layer, while for the large MW HA molecules it was high with a positively charged floc dynamic protection layer. As a result, slight UF membrane fouling was induced.     

Effects of SO2 and H2O on low-temperature NO conversion over F-V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts

F-V_2 O_5-WO3/Ti02 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method.As the content of F ions increased from 0.00 to 0.35 wt.%,the NO conversion of F-V_2 O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalysts initially increased and then decreased.The 0.2 F-V_2 O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst(0.2 wt.% F ion)exhibited the best denitration(De-NOx) performance,with more than 95% NO conversion in the temperature range 160-360℃,and 99.0% N2 selectivity between 110 and 280℃.The addition of an appropriate amount of F ions eroded the surface morphology of the catalyst and reduced its grain size,thus enhancing the NO conversion at low temperature as well as the sulfur and water resistance of the V_2 O_5-WO3/Ti02 catalyst.After selective catalytic reduction(SCR) reaction in a gas flow containing SO_2 and H_2 O,the number of NH3 adsorption sites,active component content,specific surface area and pore volume decreased to different degrees.Ammonium sulfate species deposited on the catalyst surface,which blocked part of the active sites and reduced the NO conversion performance of the catalyst.On-line thermal regeneration could not completely recover the catalyst activity,although it prolonged the cumulative life of the catalyst.In addition,a mechanism for the effects of S02 and H_2 O on catalyst NO conversion was proposed.     

石英灯辐射加热条件下低密度碳/酚醛复合材料高温响应及分析

目的研究低密度碳/酚醛复合材料在不同地面加热实验测试响应的差异性,指导材料在实际应用环境下的高温响应分析。方法对低密度碳/酚醛复合材料开展了热流为400 kW/m~2的单侧石英灯辐射加热实验,利用热电偶测温系统测量试件在加热过程中不同位置的温度时间历程,并对试件的烧蚀形貌和微观结构进行观测。同时与热流为464k W/m~2的氧乙炔加热陶瓷板辐射加热实验结果进行对比分析,并且采用有限元方法对材料的传热传质多场耦合计算进行分析。结果对于石英灯辐射加热,在测量点升温到接近200℃时,温度响应拐点都依次出现。由于加热的辐射热源不同,在不同的辐射波段下,多孔材料吸收和发射的热量不同,短时间内氧乙炔加热陶瓷板辐射加热使材料内部升温速率比石英灯辐射加热实验的要快,但长时间加热时现象刚好相反。结论进行传热传质多场耦合计算材料高温响应时,合理确定材料宏观性能随温度的变化至关重要。     

纤维增强气凝胶复合材料高温结构转变及热稳定性研究

目的研究高温受热条件下纳米复合隔热材料的结构转变特征及热稳定性。方法采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪及热重仪等检测方法。结果纤维增强气凝胶材料从室温到650℃存在连续的质量损失,从室温到放热前,质量损失为1.66%;365℃开始出现放热,温度升至398℃时达到峰值,整个放热过程对应质量损失约为1.3%;从435℃放热结束开始到650℃的质量损失为1.46%。经过400℃热处理后,试样比表面积从268m~2/g增加到437m~2/g;当试样热处理温度达到600℃时,试样的比表面积明显随之降低至198m~2/g。结论 SiO_2气凝胶复合材料以无定形结构为主,存在少量的二氧化钛晶体。在400℃左右,SiO_2气凝胶结构中硅甲基Si—CH_3发生氧化,产生明显的放热峰,之后硅羟基Si—OH之间发生缩聚反应,使600℃热处理后气凝胶中Si—O—Si网络骨架强度有所提高。未处理的纤维增强气凝胶材料试样上气凝胶纳米颗粒构成的块体较为良好地包裹在玻璃纤维表面,而经过600℃的高温热处理1 h后,块体气凝胶脱离了光滑的纤维表面,气凝胶纳米粒子发生收缩,致使材料比表面积下降。     

非饱和带强化反应层脱氮的试验研究

自然堆肥过程中,畜禽养殖产生的粪污渗滤液入渗土壤非饱和带.高浓度有机氮在微生物作用下经由复杂的地球化学过程转化为各种含氮物质,其中硝酸盐迁移能力较强,在降雨条件下入渗地下水,造成区域性地下水硝酸盐污染.在非饱和带中构建由木屑和壤土组成的强化反应层,通过间歇性的原位淋溶脱氮试验,系统地研究了非饱和带含水量及COD、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氨氮的浓度变化规律,评价了强化反应层的脱氮能力.研究结果表明:①反应层中木屑材料的强吸水特性使得灌水后短时间内反应层含水量大幅提升,形成有利于反硝化进行的厌氧环境.木屑通过水解作用释放大量溶解性有机碳,供给反硝化微生物进行脱氮.②在入渗硝态氮浓度为170.00 mg·L~(-1)条件下,反应层对硝态氮去除率最高可达97.63%.反应层脱氮量随处理水量增加而提升,当上层为砂土时脱氮量最高,可达24.61 g·m~(-3).③反应层中的NO~-_3-N发生了完全反硝化,出水中NO~-_2-N浓度低于0.5 mg·L~(-1),几乎不发生积累.同时,反应层中发生的DNRA过程使氨氮浓度小幅升高.强化脱氮反应层可阻控硝酸盐污染地下水.     

基于空间适宜性评价和人口承载力的贵溪市中心城区城市开发边界的划定

城市开发边界的划定能够合理引导城市空间的有序发展,控制其无序蔓延。论文以典型的资源型城市贵溪市为研究区,从空间适宜性评价、人口承载力、城市规模以及城市总体规划和土地利用总体规划（简称“两规”）衔接等方面探索有效的城市开发边界划定方法。空间适宜性评价综合考虑自然、空间可达性和生态条件,运用聚类分析法确定区域内不宜作为开发建设的生态底线区域和适宜建设开发区域的高低等级,以此确定城市开发边界的发展方向。通过灰色预测GM(1,1)模型预测研究区2020年人口总量,并基于土地资源和水资源承载力验证当地所能容纳的最大人口总量,同时确定城市规模和划定城市开发边界。以空间适宜性评价、人口承载力、城市规模预测、两规衔接和空间形态控制等方法倒逼缩减建设用地,从而划定城市发展的刚性和弹性增长边界。     

颗粒物分界层Mie散射激光雷达识别的sigmoid算法

基于成都市2013年6月~2015年5月期间由Mie散射激光雷达探测的大气消光系数廓线资料,发现混合层以上在颗粒物消光和分子消光之间一致存在一个S型的过渡区,利用sigmoid函数对此分布形态进行模拟,通过计算该函数上下曲率最大点所在的高度,据此提出了颗粒物分界层Mie散射激光雷达识别的sigmoid算法.针对该算法模拟效果的分析表明,颗粒物分界层过渡区附近大气消光系数理论廓线和实测廓线保持了高度的相关性,二者在春夏秋冬四季的相关系数（R）分别为0.9971±0.0052、0.9935±0.0167、0.9979±0.0038和0.9990±0.0021（均通过α=0.05的显著性检验）.基于sigmoid算法计算的颗粒物分界层过渡区与成都市温江站探空资料得到的逆温层之间存在很好的对应关系.