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为研究化纤工业对水域生态的长期效应, 首次在实验室研究了化纤工业废水中主要污染物乙醛、对苯二甲酸、乙二醇对大型(Daphnia magna)生殖周期和繁殖数量的影响.实验结果表明, 乙醛浓度低于6 mg/L 时, 对大型溞首次和第二次生殖周期无影响.7~10 mg/L时, 使首次生殖周期推迟1~2d, 使第二次生殖周期提前1~2d.对苯二甲酸浓度32 mg/L以下时, 对首次和第二次生殖周期基本无影响; 64~256 mg/L时, 使首次生殖周期均推迟1~2d, 第二次生殖周期均缩短1~2d.乙二醇浓度在1000 mg/L以下时, 对首次生殖周期无影响; 2000~4000 mg/L时, 推迟首次生殖周期1d; 浓度低于4000 mg/L时, 对第二次生殖周期无影响.乙醛浓度在5 mg/L以下时, 对首次和第二次繁殖数量无显著影响, 浓度在6~10 mg/L时, 显著降低其繁殖数量, 分别降低38.3%~74.1%和12.8%~65.3%.对苯二甲酸浓度低于32 mg/L时, 对首次繁殖数量无显著影响, 浓度在64 ~256 mg/L时, 降低首次繁殖数量62.9%~75.3%; 浓度低于16 mg/L时, 对第二次繁殖数量无显著影响, 浓度在32~256 mg/L时, 使第二次繁殖数量降低37.8%~78.1%.乙二醇浓度在500 mg/L以下时, 对首次和第二次繁殖数量均无显著影响, 浓度在1000 ~4000 mg/L时, 显著降低首次和第二次繁殖数量, 分别降低32.3%~77.8%和42.2%~60.9%. 相似文献
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刘有礼 《安全.健康和环境》2017,17(9)
对乙二醇装置SD400-9催化剂延期运行进行了必要性和可行性分析,提出了延期运行要采取的有效控制措施,确保了装置的安全稳定运行,取得了可观的效益,同时减少了危废品的产生,减少了资源浪费和环境污染。 相似文献
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针对某烯烃厂乙二醇装置环氧乙烷精制塔的爆炸事故,采用HAZOP分析方法对该乙二醇装置进行定性工艺危害分析,辨识该装置存在的安全隐患。针对爆炸的环氧乙烷精制塔,结合事故爆炸后果,利用HAZOP分析理念,分析环氧乙烷精制塔爆炸原因,最终提出相应的整改建议。 相似文献
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Xiuying Zhao Xinming Wang Xiang Ding Quanfu He Zhou Zhang Tengyu Liu Xiaoxin Fu Bo Gao Yunpeng Wang Yanli Zhang Xuejiao Deng Dui Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):110-121
Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary. 相似文献
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针对水性涂料使用过程产生的乙二醇乙醚有机废气,通过膜生物反应器进行处理,考察了进气浓度、停留时间、液体喷淋量以及循环液pH对净化性能的影响;研究了膜生物反应器降解乙二醇乙醚废气动力学;采用16S rRNA、宏基因组测序技术对微生物群落结构及功能基因进行了分析。结果表明,适宜的运行条件为停留时间10 s,循环液pH 7.60,喷淋密度1.2 m~3·(m~2·h)~(-1);生化降解乙二醇乙醚的最大反应速率为666.67 g·(m~3·h)~(-1);经过2次进气负荷的提高,反应器中的优势菌属发生变化,由30 d的Methyloversatilis、90 d的Methyloversatilis、Pseudomonas变为145 d的Thauera和Flavobacterium。膜生物反应器能够高效降解乙二醇乙醚有机废气,去除率可达99.6%,本研究为处理水性涂料产生的醇醚类有机废气提供了参考。 相似文献
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针对煤制乙二醇废水含高浓度硝酸盐氮的特点,设计了缺氧膨胀床(AEB)反应器预处理装置,并进行了工业化启动和调试运行,考察了其在反硝化连续流运行条件下的处理效果及工艺参数变化。结果表明,AEB反应器启动后,填料层生物膜挂膜快速且生长稳定。反应器在工业化调试阶段运行稳定,COD和TN的去除率和去除负荷较为稳定。在受到来水冲击后,AEB反应器处理效果稳定,出水可在短期内恢复正常。该技术的系统操控参数范围较广,易于工业化操控运行,在煤制乙二醇废水和其他含高浓度硝酸盐氮废水的处理中具有较大的推广价值。 相似文献
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针对碱减量废水中的乙二醇(EG)对对苯二甲酸(TA)的好氧生物降解产生不利影响,本实验采用水解酸化工艺在实验室条件下研究了TA和EG的兼性厌氧降解性能,并着重考察了TA在EG存在下的兼性厌氧降解规律,从而为碱减量工艺实际生产废水的生物处理工艺提供技术方案和科学依据.实验结果表明,TA在缺氧条件下的兼性厌氧降解率很低,在本实验条件下,其兼性厌氧平均降解率为6.1%,而兼性厌氧菌对EG具有较高的降解活性,其降解率达到58.9%~71.5%.在TA配制废水中投加EG时,EG首先得到降解,当EG完全降解后,TA才开始降解,并且其降解速率与TA作为惟一碳源时TA的降解速率相同.由实验结果可知,涤纶碱减量废水的处理不能仅仅采用兼性厌氧生物处理工艺,而应在好氧生物处理工艺为主的情况下,辅以兼氧或厌氧生物处理工艺. 相似文献
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聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯废料的回收方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯传统的化学回收方法:甲醇醇解法、水解法和醣酵解法;简述了聚酯新的回收工艺:伊斯曼乙二醇水解工艺、超临界水水解工艺和Reco-PET工艺,及有关国家聚酯回收的工业化实践,并对聚酯回收的前景及影响聚酯回收的因素进行了分析。 相似文献
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