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The effect of hexadecyltrimethyleamine bromide (HDTMAB) on the removal of A lexandrium sp. LC3 under cupric glutamate stress was investigated. Toxic effect of cupric glutamate on A lexandrium sp. LC3 was significantly promoted in the presence of HDTMAB, especially at 3.0 cmc of HDTMAB. It was found that the sulfhydryl group content of the cell decreased, while the malonaldehyde content and membrane permeability increased when A lexandrium sp. LC3 was treated with HDTMAB and cupric glutamate complex, compared with cupric glutamate alone. The data suggest that HDTMAB might stimulate the damage of A lexandrium sp. LC3 by enhancing the membrane permeability. 相似文献
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Highly active, air-stable and water-soluble palladium-phosphinous acid complexes have been applied to Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of heteroaryl bromides under mild conditions in water/alcoholic solvents. Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of heteroaryl bromides with phenylboronic acid occurred efficiently using palladium phosphinous acid complexes (POPd) and phase transfer catalyst (tetrabutylammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol) in water/ethanol mixture, water/propanol mixture and neat water respectively, the corresponding yields of cross-coupling heteroaryl-aryls were satisfied. The tert-butyl substituted ligand di-tert-butylphosphino in combination with POPd was found to be more active than the same family derived catalysts dipalladium complexes POPd1 and POPd2, and other two kinds of Pd-catalysts Pd(PPh3)4 and Pd2(dba)3. The mechanism of Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between heteroaryl bromides and phenylboronic acid in water was proposed with respect to the key role of phase transfer catalyst on the transmetallation step. Compared with other solid phase transfer catalysts, TBAB was tested as the ideal one. The alkalinity of base and the molar proportion between POPd and TBAB were investigated in water and alcoholic solvents. Notably, in the presence of TBAB adding alcoholic solvents into water enhanced the yields of target products. However in terms of the liquid phase transfer catalyst of PEGs, mixing water into PEGs could slightly decrease the yields with respect to the water free PEGs bulk phase, which was probably due to the homogenous liquid conditions in pure PEGs and weak interactions between PEGs and heteroaryl bromide molecules in water depending on their molecular chain lengths. 相似文献
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Advanced oxidation of bromide-containing drinking water:A balance between bromate and trihalomethane formation control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yongjing Wang Jianwei Yu Po Han Jing Sh Tao Li Wei An Juan Liu Min Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(11):2169-2176
Addition of H2O2 has been employed to repress bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing source water. However, the addition of H2O2 will change the oxidation pathways of organic compounds due to the generation of abundant hydroxyl radicals, which could affect the removal efficacy of trihalomethane precursors via the combination of ozone and biological activated carbon (O3-BAC). In this study, we evaluated the effects of H2O2 addition on bromate formation and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) reduction during treatment of bromide-containing (97.6-129.1 μg/L) source water by the O3-BAC process. At an ozone dose of 4.2 mg/L, an H2O2/O3 (g/g) ratio of over 1.0 was required to maintain the bromate concentration below 10.0 μg/L, while a much lower H2O2/O3 ratio was sufficient for a lower ozone dose. An H2O2/O3 (g/g) ratio below 0.3 should be avoided since the bromate concentration will increase with increasing H2O2 dose below this ratio. However, the addition of H2O2 at an ozone dose of 3.2 mg/L and an H2O2/O3 ratio of 1.0 resulted in a 43% decrease in THMFP removal when compared with the O3-BAC process. The optimum H2O2/O3 (g/g) ratio for balancing bromate and trihalomethane control was about 0.7-1.0. Fractionation of organic materials showed that the addition of H2O2 decreased the removal efficacy of the hydrophilic matter fraction of DOC by ozonation and increased the reactivity of the hydrophobic fractions during formation of trihalomethane, which may be the two main reasons responsible for the decrease in THMFP reduction efficacy. Overall, this study clearly demonstrated that it is necessary to balance bromate reduction and THMFP control when adopting an H2O2 addition strategy. 相似文献
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关上"污染门",一要靠政府的作为,二是企业要自觉自律,三是执法机关应严格依法办事,该重罚的重罚,该追责的追责,不手软、不"淡定"。近日,山东富康制药有限公司(以下简称"富康药业")污染问题被曝光——多年来,这家全国最大溴化物生产企业将提取溴素后产生的污水直接排出。媒体就此事采访当地环保局时,工作人员不仅默认且对此表现"相当平静",而富康药业的一位工作人员更进一步强调:"溴素企业都是这样排放的。"(6月26日《第一财经 相似文献
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Bromate ion formation in dark chlorination and ultraviolet/chlorination
processes for bromide-containing water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bormate (BrO3^-) is a carcinogenic chemical produced in ozonation or chlorination of bromide-containing water. Although its formation in seawater with or without sunlight has been previously investigated, the formation of bromate in dilute solutions, particularly raw water for water treatment plant, is unknown. In this article, the results of bench scale tests to measure the formation rates of bromate formation in dilute solutions, including de-ionized water and raw water from Yangtze River, were presented in dark chlorination and ultraviolet (UV)/chlorination processes. And the effects of initial pH, initial concentration of NaOCl, and UV light intensity on bromate formation in UV/chlorination of the diluted solutions were investigated. Detectable bromate was formed in dark chlorination of the two water samples with a relatively slow production rate. Under routine disinfecting conditions, the amount of formed bromate is not likely to exceed the national standards (10 μg/L). UV irradiation enhanced the decay of free chlorine, and, simultaneously, 6.6%-32% of Br^- was oxidized to BrO3^-. And the formation of bromate exhibited three stages: rapid stage, slow stage and plateau. Under the experimental conditions (pH = 4.41-11.07, CCl2= 1.23-4.50 mg/L), low pH and high chlorine concentration favored the generation of bromate. High light intensity promoted the production rate of bromate, but decreased its total generation amount due to acceleration of chlorine decomposition. 相似文献
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辽宁省西部和沈阳地区河水及地下水中溴的分布与污染特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用HPLC-ICP-MS方法分析辽宁省西部河水及其沿岸地下水中溴化物、溴酸盐的含量,调查了溴化物、溴酸盐的污染现状.结果表明,大凌河和小凌河河水中总溴浓度范围20.5-364μg·l~(-1),和总氯浓度呈良好相关关系,由回归方程得到的Br/Cl比值分别为2.91和0.83μg·mg~(-1).大凌河该比值在雨水的范围之内,而小凌河该比值则町能受到岩盐溶解的部分影响.大凌河和小凌河河水中溴与氯浓度的相关性与自然界观察到的天然比值范围足相符合的,表明河水未受到溴的污染.细河河水和地下水总溴浓度范围26.6-4070μg·l~(-1),平均浓度1584μg·l~(-1),Br/Cl比值范围2.73-25.2 μg·mg~(-1).细河河水和地下水中的溴浓度明显高于浑河、蒲河和沈抚灌渠,平均Br/Cl比值高达12μg·mg~(-1),远非降水来源所能解释.细河浅层地下水中溴酸盐被检出的浓度存在两处超标情况,分别为31和15μg·l~(-1).浅层地下水中高溴离子浓度和具有强烈毒理效应的溴酸盐的存在对该地区生态系统和人类健康具有潜在负面影响. 相似文献
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