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106国道沿线样带区农村空心化土地整治潜力研究 总被引:18,自引:8,他引:10
基于典型调查资料和社会经济统计数据,在构建农村空心化评价指标体系并定量评判106国道沿线样带区县域农村空心化程度的基础上,结合自然条件和土地资源特点、农村居民点用地的有关法律规定,采用专家集成法选取与现实潜力转化有关的自然、社会、经济等10个指标建立综合指标体系,对空心村整治的自然适宜性、社会接受性、经济可行性进行了综合评价;将计算得到的农村空心化指数与现实转化潜力系数作为综合修正系数,对理论潜力进行修正,结合农村居民点整治潜力测算公式,测算出106国道沿线样带区不同农村空心化演进类型的现状潜力和远景潜力。研究表明:106国道沿线样带区县域农村空心化指数为0.18~0.82,现实转化潜力系数为0.07~0.32; 2009、2020年农村居民点整治的现实潜力分别为93 219.4、145 430.0 hm2,村庄整治增地率分别为6.8%、11.4%。研究将为空心村整治和新农村建设规划决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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用从土壤中筛选的假单胞菌(Pseudomonassp.)E4106株细胞进行了转化苯丙酮酸生产L苯丙氨酸实验研究.结果表明,转氨反应最适温度35~40℃;该转氨酶可在pH7~10范围内催化反应而活力变化不大;0.5%戊二醛处理细胞可降低其转氨酶活力;表面活性剂处理细胞或在反应液中加入Mg2+能显著提高转氨反应速度;L天冬氨酸是转氨反应的最适氨基供体;底物转化率与底物浓度、氨基供体浓度有关.在此反应体系中,E4106菌株单位湿重细胞的转氨酶活力为1039U/g;生成产物LPhe浓度为32.2g/L和50.4g/L时,苯丙酮酸摩尔转化率分别为97.5%、87.2%.生成产物用CGA688大孔吸附树脂进行分离、纯化.目标产物经熔点、比旋光度、元素分析、红外光谱和纸层析分析,证实是LPhe.产物收率为81.8%. 相似文献
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John Horberry 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》1985,5(3):207-222
International EIA activity has two origins. First, there is increasing concern over conflict between developmental and environmental interests within the economic development system. Second, EIA appeals to international agencies and governments as a well-defined, internally integrated procedure and planning tool. EIA activities involve political, institutional, and technical motivations and goals for the international bodies and the governments of countries receiving aid. Three criteria may be used to evaluate international EIA from the perspective of policy makers and administrators in the countries: political support, institutional strengthening, and technical capability. This paper reviews the influence of the United Nations system and of some multilateral and bilateral development assistance agencies in promoting EIA in developing countries. The extent the nature of the influence donors have on EIA in developing countries is shaped as much by the interests and organizational characteristics of the donors as by the needs and priorities of the recipients. 相似文献
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Roberto Terzano Anna Santoro Bart Vekemans Koen Janssens Melissa A. Denecke Pacifico Ruggiero 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2702-2709
Direct mercury (Hg) speciation was assessed for soil samples with a Hg concentration ranging from 7 up to 240 mg kg−1. Hg chemical forms were identified and quantified by sequential extractions and bulk- and micro-analytical techniques exploiting synchrotron generated X-rays. In particular, microspectroscopic techniques such as μ-XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XANES were necessary to solve bulk Hg speciation, in both soil fractions <2 mm and <2 μm. The main Hg-species found in the soil samples were metacinnabar (β-HgS), cinnabar (α-HgS), corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2), and an amorphous phase containing Hg bound to chlorine and sulfur. The amount of metacinnabar and amorphous phases increased in the fraction <2 μm. No interaction among Hg-species and soil components was observed. All the observed Hg-species originated from the slow weathering of an inert Hg-containing waste material (K106, U.S. EPA) dumped in the area several years ago, which is changing into a relatively more dangerous source of pollution. 相似文献
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Since 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted monitoring studies to determine the transport, fate, and effects of sewage sludge dumped at the 106-Mile Deepwater Municipal Sludge Dump Site (106-Mile Site). This paper describes EPA's 106-Mile Site monitoring activities and the results from six oceanographic surveys of the Site. Surveys have been conducted to track sewage sludge plumes and monitor dispersion and settling characteristics; study plume toxicity and contaminant levels; search for sludge and sludge constituents in surface waters in the area of the Site up 74 km (40 nautical miles) away; maintain a stationary real-time current meter near the Site; deploy and retrieve approximately 50 sediment traps and 17 current meters on 10 arrays from Hudson Canyon south to Delaware Canyon, at depths ranging from 1500 to 2800 m; and deploy satellite-tracked drifters. Results of studies completed to date have provided field data on the chemical and physical behaviour of sludge discharge plumes. Short-term persistence of sludge particles in surface waters above the pycnocline was observed and advection of sludge material from the Site may be rapid, in many cases on the order of hours. A suggestion that removal of sludge material from the surface mixed layer at the Site occurs more from horizontal mixing and advection than from vertical transport processes is supported by the data. Finally, monitoring results have provided data for assessment of permit compliance and for development of additional monitoring to detect far-field transport and long-term impacts - monitoring efforts relative to these concetns continue. 相似文献
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