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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(4):222-233
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure (SM) commonly shows low biogas output and unsatisfactory economic performance. In this study, thermophilic AD (TAD, 50 ± 1 °C) was combined with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment (THP, 170 °C/10 bar), to investigate its potential for maximizing biogas yield, securing successful digestion and microbial diversity, as well as improving energy balance. Four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors were operated for 300 days and compared with each other, i.e., reactor 1 (raw SM fed in mesophilic AD: RSM-MAD), reactor 2 (THP-treated SM fed in MAD: TSM-MAD), reactor 3 (RSM-TAD), and reactor 4 (TSM-TAD). The results showed that THP was efficient to increase methane production of SM, TSM-TAD mode led to the highest methane yield (129.8 ± 40.5 mL-CH4/g-VS/day) among the tests (p < 0.05). Although TAD was more likely to induce free ammonia (> 700 mg/L) or volatile fatty acids (> 6000 mg/L) accumulation compared with MAD in start-up phase, TSM-TAD treatment mode behaved a sustainable digestion process in a long-term operation. For TSM-TAD scenario, higher Shannon–Weaver (3.873) and lower Simpson index (0.061) indicated this mode ensured and enlarged the diversity of bacteria communities. Phylum Bathyarchaeota was dominant (59.3%−90.0%) in archaea community, followed by Euryarchaeota in the four reactors. RSM-MAD treatment mode achieved the highest energy output (4.65 GJ/day), TSM-TAD was less effective (−17.38 GJ/day) due to increased energy demands. Thus improving the energetic efficiency of THP units is recommended for the development of TSM-TAD treatment mode. 相似文献
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分析固体废物中金属元素全量分析的微波消解条件,通过实验确定样品的粉碎粒度、消解功率、消解温度、消解时间等因素对样品消解效果的影响,以等离子发射光谱测定冶炼厂固体废物中24种痕量金属元素,通过测定的检出限、精密度、准确度,确立冶炼厂固体废物痕量金属全量分析检测方法准确高效。 相似文献
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污泥厌氧消化的强化处理技术 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
污泥固体的生物可降解性低 ,影响了污泥的厌氧消化 ,提高厌氧消化效率的一个主要途径是促进污泥细胞的分解 ,增强生物可降解性 ,本文综述了强化污泥厌氧消化的几种预处理技术 ,包括热解、碱处理、臭氧氧化和超声处理 相似文献
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研究了微波消解-GFAAS法测定土壤样品中总铅的方法。土壤样品加入HNO3+HF,经微波消解体系消解后,在恒温加热器上赶酸并除硅,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定土壤样品中的总铅。测定数据经过与国标(GB/T 17141-1997)消解方法的比对,以及对不同土壤及土壤标准物质的测试。结果表明,两者无显著性差异,且此法重复性好,试剂用量少,安全易控制,结果可靠。 相似文献
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Le Chen Shanshan Jian Jinhua Bi Yunlong Li Zhizhou Chang Jian He Xiaomei Ye 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(5):224-233
Tomato plant waste(TPW) was used as the feedstock of a batch anaerobic reactor to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion on Ralstonia solanacearum and Phytophthora capsici survival. Batch experiments were carried out for TS(total solid) concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% respectively, at mesophilic(37 ± 1°C) and room(20–25°C) temperatures. Results showed that higher digestion performance was achieved under mesophilic digestion temperature and lower TS concentration conditions. The biogas production ranged from 71 to 416 L/kg VS(volatile solids). The inactivation of anaerobic digestion tended to increase as digestion performance improved. The maximum log copies reduction of R. solanacearum and P. capsici detected by quantitative PCR(polymerase chain reaction) were 3.80 and 4.08 respectively in reactors with 4% TS concentration at mesophilic temperatures. However, both in mesophilic and room temperature conditions, the lowest reduction of R. solanacearum was found in the reactors with 6% TS concentration, which possessed the highest VFA(volatile fatty acid) concentration. These findings indicated that simple accumulation of VFAs failed to restrain R. solanacearum effectively, although the VFAs were considered poisonous. P. capsici was nearly completely dead under all conditions. Based on the digestion performance and the pathogen survival rate, a model was established to evaluate the digestate biosafety. 相似文献
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试验了用非全量消解—悬浮液直接进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定煤灰中的铜和铅,结果表明:铜和铅的方法检出限(3σ)分别为0.038mg/L和0.23mg/L,测定吸光度与其浓度的线性范围均为0.5mg/L—5.0mg/L,样品加标回收率在87%—97%之间,相对标准差(n=4)小于7%。 相似文献
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红霉素菌渣是宝贵的资源,但却含有少量的红霉素残留,潜在引发环境细菌耐药的风险,被国家定义为危险废物。文章采用厌氧发酵技术处理红霉素菌渣,拟借助微生物作用降低抗生素残留并制取生物燃气,文中考察了红霉素残留随厌氧发酵过程的降解规律。研究发现:中温(35℃)发酵、接种比为0.4、含固率为8%时,单位池容产气率最高,红霉素菌渣的厌氧发酵处理是可行的。此外,在发酵的10 d后,红霉素降解率达到94%以上,日相对降解率与发酵液pH相关,pH越小降解速率越大,pH越接近中性,降解越缓慢。同时得到其降解过程与厌氧发酵产气量无明显相关性。该文为红霉素菌渣安全资源化提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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