泔脚与秸杆混合发酵法生产蛋白饲料的新工艺流程

利用多菌种混合发酵同时处理泔脚和秸杆2种废弃物,提出了一种生产高蛋白饲料的新工艺流程,并且对该流程初步进行了经济估算。结果表明,在泔脚和稻草秸杆粉按3:1、温度150℃、高压锅中高温湿热酸处理的条件下,经过初步双菌混合发酵试验所得的饲料产品质量为粗蛋白≥25％,粗纤维≤18％,水分≤ 10％,说明新工艺能很好地同时处理泔脚和秸杆2种废弃物,并且大大地提高了秸秆饲料的蛋白含量。处理新工艺流程简单、技术可行,是一种很好的饲料制备方法。     

发酵液作为EBPR碳源的动力学模拟

发酵液是一种优质的碳源,能够提高生物除磷系统(EBPR)的除磷效果.采用基于碳源代谢的修正ASM2模型,能够较好地模拟发酵液作为EBPR碳源的动力学变化规律.发酵液作为EBPR唯一碳源时,系统中的异养菌不仅不对聚磷菌(PAO)的生长构成竞争关系,反而促进PAO的生长.发酵液作为实际污水的补充碳源时,优化了污水中的碳源组成,创造了有利于聚磷菌生长的环境,使EBPR中聚磷菌达到微生物总量的40%以上,比实际污水作为碳源的EBPR中的PAO含量提高了3.3倍.     

微生物发酵米糠对Pb~(2+)的吸附研究

利用微生物对米糖进行发酵处理,制备出微生物发酵米糠重金属吸附剂,对微生物发酵米糠吸附Pb2+进行了研究,结果表明,微生物发酵米糠对Pb2+吸附效果好,吸附率可达96.5%。该吸附剂的最佳用量为20g/L。最优吸附条件为:pH4.5,温度30℃,Pb2+浓度不超过50mg/L,最佳吸附时间30min。     

Investigation of biocatalytic potential of garbage enzyme and its influence on stabilization of industrial waste activated sludge

The decomposable waste thrown into the environment can be used to produce value added bio-product which in turn reduces the production of greenhouse gas. Garbage enzyme is one such value added product produced by fermentation of organic solid waste. In the present study enzyme activity and disinfectant potential of garbage enzyme was evaluated and its influence on reduction of total solids, suspended solids and pathogens in dairy waste activated sludge were studied. The result showed the garbage enzyme possesses protease, amylase and lipase activity and reduced 37.2% of total solids, 38.6% of suspended solids and 99% of pathogens in dairy waste activated sludge. This significant result may be helpful for researchers to compare the effectiveness of earth-friendly garbage enzyme treatment of industrial sludge with various physical and chemical pre-treatment methods to improve the biogas production from the sludge digestion unit.     

Performance and fouling mechanism of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) treating fermentation wastewater with high organic concentrations

In this study,direct contact membrane distillation(DCMD)was used for treating fermentation wastewater with high organic concentrations.DCMD performance characteristics including permeate flux,permeate water quality as well as membrane fouling were investigated systematically.Experimental results showed that,after 12 hr DCMD,the feed wastewater was concentrated by about a factor of 3.7 on a volumetric basis,with the permeate flux decreasing from the initial 8.7 L/m~2/hr to the final 4.3 L/m~2/hr due to membrane fouling;the protein concentration in the feed wastewater was increased by about 3.5 times and achieved a value of 6178 mg/L,which is suitable for reutilization.Although COD and TOC in permeate water increased continuously due to the transfer of volatile components from wastewater,organic rejection of over 95%was achieved in wastewater.GC–MS results suggested that the fermentation wastewater contained 128kinds of organics,in which 14 organics dominated.After 12 hr DCMD,not only volatile organics including trimethyl pyrazine,2-acetyl pyrrole,phenethyl alcohol and phenylacetic acid,but also non-volatile dibutyl phthalate was detected in permeate water due to membrane wetting.FT-IR and SEM–EDS results indicated that the deposits formed on the membrane inner surface mainly consisted of Ca,Mg,and amine,carboxylic acid and aromatic groups.The fouled membrane could be recovered,as most of the deposits could be removed using a HCl/Na OH chemical cleaning method.     

糖厂废醪农用可行性分析

糖厂废醪废水治理一直是国内制糖业不惜花费较大人力、物力要解决的问题。由于以前技术所限,未得到很好治理或综合利用。本文根据废弃废醪池中废醪液和废醪淤泥有机质和N、P等元素含量较高特点,建议采取有效方式用于农田施肥,既可治理污染,又可对改良农田起到积极的促进作用。     

复合菌种协同发酵混合酒糟最佳C/N的测定

通过测定混合酒糟发酵液初始碳源氮源的含量及复合菌种协同发酵后发发酵液中碳源氮源残留含量，计算复合菌种对碳源氮源的利用率或转化率，研究了最佳C／N的新测定法，同时对细胞干重法作了改进，发酵试验条件为：100mL混合酒糟培养液中接种量10％，温度30．0℃，转速170r/min，摇床培养48h，通过正交试验得绝干菌体质量高达14.693g/L，碳利用率是高灰98．13％，氮转化率最高达78．14％，最佳C／N比为5．1。     

废物乙醇化处理进展

废物乙醇发酵是废物资源化的途径之一,包括废物的预处理,乙醇发酵菌株的选育,乙醇发酵新技术,新工艺的采用等重要内容。同酵母发酵乙醇相比,利用细菌发酵产乙醇具有产率和转化率高,平均发酵速度快等优点,是研究的热点之一,特别是热纤核菌和热糖核菌能直接发酵纤维类废物为乙醇,它们的发现使纤维类废弃物的资源化向前迈进了一大步。同时,人们利用基因工程的手段,改变原菌株的遗传物质,构建“超级菌”,来满足乙醇发酵的要求,同一般发酵技术相比,细胞固定化拄术具有使发酵过程连续运行又具有细胞浓度大,产乙醇效率高等优点。有效的乙醇分离技术包括分离膜、萃取、真空等,它们能降低发酵液中乙醇的浓度,保证酵母的发酵活性,从而提高乙醇的产量。因此,废物乙醇化技术是一个具有巨大潜力的处理废物的新领域。     

包埋活性污泥反硝化性能的快速提高及群落分析

为了快速提高以污水厂反硝化池污泥为菌源的反硝化包埋填料的活性,实现包埋固定化的工程化应用,探究包埋填料的微生物群落特性,采用批次实验研究不同碳氮比、温度、pH对包埋填料活性的影响,并采用高通量测序研究包埋填料的生物群落特性.结果表明,C/N为10、温度为30℃、pH为7.5±0.3时,经过7 d即可恢复5.37 mg·(g·h)~(-1)的初始活性.在C/N为10,温度为25℃,pH为8.0的最优培养条件下,15 d后比反硝化速率即增大15倍至80.17 mg·(g·h)~(-1)并实现稳定运行.SEM结果显示包埋填料内部存在大量利于传质的通道,内部的细菌呈团簇状生长良好.高通量测序表明,包埋填料中具有反硝化功能的Thauera和Thermomonas为优势菌属,所占比例分别为24.27%和8.23%,保证了反硝化填料脱氮的高效性.Thauera优势菌属和Thermomonas菌属在最优培养条件下快速增殖是填料活性快速提高的主要原因.     

餐厨垃圾生物发酵液对黄土丘陵区土壤质量的影响试验

黄土广泛分布于我国西北地区,因气候干旱和暴雨侵蚀等因素,土壤养分贫瘠、微生物量稀缺且盐碱化严重,限制了土壤生态承载力,是区域土地荒漠化主要成因之一.餐厨垃圾发酵产生的生物发酵液含有大量的有机酸和氮、磷等营养元素,并且可工业化生产和配施,有望成为一种针对黄土特性的土壤调理剂.以我国黄土高原代表性的甘肃兰州地区黄土为研究对象,采集不同发酵液配施后的黄土进行理化性质和微生物分析,发现施用发酵液后,黄土中全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别提升363%、577%、308%和204%;结合白茎盐生草和苜蓿等植被种植后,土壤综合肥力进一步提升,土壤全盐含量年均分别下降2.3 g·kg^-1和1.2 g·kg^-1;黄土的结构得到改善;发酵液能够促进部分微生物生长,细菌和古菌生物量提升了22倍,真菌生物量提升了8.3倍,有利于进一步形成植物-微生物共生体系.餐厨垃圾生物发酵液结合耐盐碱植物种植,能够有效提升黄土地区生态环境质量.