排序方式: 共有25条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Agata Gallipoli Camilla M. Bragugli Andrea Gianico Daniele Montecchio Pamela Pagliaccia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):167-179
Biowaste valorization through anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to achieve both climate protection goals and renewable energy production. In this paper, a complete set of batch trials was carried out on kitchen waste to investigate the effects of mild thermal pretreatment, temperature regimen and substrate/inoculum ratio. Thermal pretreatment was effective in the solubilisation of macromolecular fractions, particularly carbohydrates. The ability of the theoretical methodologies in estimating hydrogen and methane yields of complex substrates was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the theoretical values. Despite the single batch configuration, a significant initial hydrogen production was observed, prior to methane yield. Main pretreatment effect was the gain in hydrogen production; the extent was highly variable according to the other parameters values. High hydrogen yields, up to 113 mL H2/g VSfed, were related to the prompt transformation of soluble sugars. Thermophilic regimen resulted, as expected, in faster digestions (up to 78 mL CH4/gVS/day) and sorted out pH inhibition. The relatively low methane yields (342–398 mL CH4/g VSfed) were the result of the consistent lignocellulosic content and low lipid content. Thermal pretreatment proved to be a promising option for the enhancement of hydrogen production in food waste dark fermentation. 相似文献
2.
介绍了餐饮废弃物的特点,处理不当污染环境,探讨餐饮废弃物无害化处理方式,并提出了针对餐饮业废弃物的环境管理对策。 相似文献
3.
People growing crops in kitchen gardens eat locally self-produced food and are the subject of growing attention as the potential for a more sustainable development. A survey was carried out in two provinces in northern Italy to gather information on the consumption of local horticultural products, peoples’ expectations of authorities in the case of a nuclear accident and peoples’ behaviour in the absence of official information. Results show that up to 70% of the owners of kitchen gardens possess diets comprised of more than 60% of self-produced vegetables and can be regarded as particular groups of population. In the case of a dispersion of radioactive material, the local population would take advantage of official information on preventive measures to protect farms and local crops from contamination. Results of the survey show differences in the attitude of the population due to age, gender and past experience. 相似文献
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Jingqing Ye Dong Li Yongming Sun Guohui Wang Zhenhong Yuan Feng Zhen Yao Wang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(12):2653-2658
In order to investigate the effect of feedstock ratios in biogas production, anaerobic co-digestions of rice straw with kitchen waste and pig manure were carried out. A series of single-stage batch mesophilic (37 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestions were performed at a substrate concentration of 54 g/L based on volatile solids (VS). The results showed that the optimal ratio of kitchen waste, pig manure, and rice straw was 0.4:1.6:1, for which the C/N ratio was 21.7. The methane content was 45.9–70.0% and rate of VS reduction was 55.8%. The biogas yield of 674.4 L/kg VS was higher than that of the digestion of rice straw or pig manure alone by 71.67% and 10.41%, respectively. Inhibition of biogas production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) occurred when the addition of kitchen waste was greater than 26%. The VFA analysis showed that, in the reactors that successfully produced biogas, the dominant intermediate metabolites were propionate and acetate, while they were lactic acid, acetate, and propionate in the others. 相似文献
6.
厨房空气中甲醛卫生标准的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对甲醛嗅及刺激阈的测试,毒理学资料分析,结合现场流行病学调查,提出了厨房空气中甲醛的一次最高容浓度为0.13mg/m^3。 相似文献
7.
Jamrah A Al-Futaisi A Prathapar S Harrasi AA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):315-327
This study aims to evaluate the potential of greywater availability in Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, to establish
a methodology for greywater quantity estimation, to test greywater quality in order to assess reuse potential, and to examine
public acceptance for reuse.Total fresh water consumption and greywater generation from different household sources were measured
by water meters in five selected households during summer and winter. Additionally, a survey was designed and conducted in
five administrative areas of Muscat Governorate, with the objective of testing a methodology for estimating greywater generation
potential in these areas. Collected data were compared with that used by the Ministry of Housing, Electricity and Water, Sultanate
of Oman. The survey covered a total of 169 houses and 1,365 people. Greywater samples were collected and analyzed from showers,
laundries, kitchens and sinks in some of these households to determine their water quality parameters. Statistical analysis
results indicated that there is no significant variance in the total fresh water consumption between data used by the ministry
and those measured and estimated during this study, highlighting the applicability of the tested method. The study concluded
that the average per capita greywater generation rate is 151 Lpcd. Greywater production ranged from 80 to 83% of the total
fresh water consumption and most of the greywater is generated from showers. Further, 55 to 57% of the greywater generated
in a typical Omani household originated from the shower, 28 to 33% originated from the kitchen, 6 to 9% originated from laundry,
and 5 to 7% originated from sink, which constitutes approximately 81% of the total fresh water consumption. The physical,
chemical, and biological analyses of the grab samples revealed that greywater contains significant levels of suspended solids,
inorganic constituents, total organic carbon, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, total Coliforms and Escherichia Coliform
bacteria. The public acceptance survey illustrated that approximately 76% of the respondents accepted the reuse of greywater
for gardening, 53% for car washing and 66% for toilet flushing. 相似文献
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Aikaterini I. Vavouraki Vassiliki Volioti Michael E. Kornaros 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(1):167-173
The use of abundant waste materials with high carbohydrate content may contribute substantially to reduction of biofuels production cost. The present study aimed at optimizing the combined effect of thermo-chemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of kitchen wastes (KW) for maximizing the production of fermentable soluble sugars. To this end, acid pretreatment of KW samples was performed with hydrochloric acid (0–3% HCl) at 30–100 °C for 0–120 min treatment time. Alternatively, alkaline pretreatment of KW samples was performed with potassium hydroxide solution (0–11%) at constant temperature and time (0 °C and 20 min, respectively). KOH pretreatment at such conditions targets to degrade the resistant starch of KW samples. Both acid and alkaline pretreatments were followed by addition of variable levels of enzyme dosage (0–3.6% v/v α-amylase and 0–3.2% v/v amyloglucosidase-AMG) at constant pH, temperature and time (pH = 5, T = 50 °C and t = 30 min, respectively). Based on our results, glucose concentration increased by ~300% after pretreatment with either acid or KOH in combination with enzymatic hydrolysis (2% HCl, 85 °C, 80 min, 0.1% α-amylase, AMG, and 1% KOH, 0 °C, 20 min, 1.1% α-amylase, 0.4% AMG) compared to raw (untreated) KW. Estimating the different YG yields at KW loading of 5%, an increase of 192% and 121% for total soluble monosugars and total soluble sugars, respectively, was succeeded compared to untreated KW. The effect of solids loading on the obtained sugar yields using the optimum conditions for thermo-chemical pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was also tested resulting to 27.5% increase of the soluble glucose yield when half of the solids loading (2.5%) was used. A decrease of total soluble sugars yield by 32.2% was observed when solely acid hydrolysis at optimum conditions from our previous study was applied at 30% solids loading. 相似文献
10.
Anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and fruit/vegetable waste: Lab-scale and pilot-scale studies
Long Wang Fei Shen Hairong Yuan Dexun Zou Yanping Liu Baoning Zhu Xiujin Li 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2627-2633
The anaerobic digestion performances of kitchen waste (KW) and fruit/vegetable waste (FVW) were investigated for establishing engineering digestion system. The study was conducted from lab-scale to pilot-scale, including batch, single-phase and two-phase experiments. The lab-scale experimental results showed that the ratio of FVW to KW at 5:8 presented higher methane productivity (0.725 L CH4/g VS), and thereby was recommended. Two-phase digestion appeared to have higher treatment capacity and better buffer ability for high organic loading rate (OLR) (up to 5.0 g (VS) L?1 d?1), compared with the low OLR of 3.5 g (VS) L?1 d?1 for single-phase system. For two-phase digestion, the pilot-scale system showed similar performances to those of lab-scale one, except slightly lower maximum OLR of 4.5 g (VS) L?1 d?1 was allowed. The pilot-scale system proved to be profitable with a net profit of 10.173 $/ton as higher OLR (?3.0 g (VS) L?1 d?1) was used. 相似文献