水域悬浮固体含量的遥感定量研究

该文提出了反射率与悬浮固体含量之间的理论关系式——负指数关系式,并确定了其与经验公式的关系。理论分析和实际应用的结果表明,该式精度高于原有公式的精度,是目前遥感水中悬浮固体含量的最佳公式。将该式应用于杭州湾水域悬浮固体含量调查中取得了成功。     

黄土高原近30年植被变化特征及其气候驱动

The use of Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data acquired with multiple satellite sensors has become a necessity in research fields such as agriculture, Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) and changes in the natural environment. In this paper, vegetation 10-day composite (VGT-S10) NDVI data with a 1 km×1 km resolution, covering the period from April 1982 to December 2011 and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI data with a 8 km×8 km resolution, covering the period from April 1998 to December 2006 were used. The VGT NDVI covering the period from 2007 to 2011 was converted to the GIMMS NDVI for the same period. The vegetation trend during 1982 to 2011 was calculated using the extended NDVI data set. Climate change has a large impact on the vegetation dynamics. A series of statistical analyses were employed to demonstrate the relationship between NDVI and meteorological data during 1982 to 2005. A multiple correlation analysis was applied to validate the association between the two climatic factors and monthly maximum NDVI (MNDVI). The partial correlation coefficient of MNDVI and each climate factor were calculated respectively to describe the singular influence of each meteorological variable. The results indicated that temperature made a significant positive influence on vegetation growth in the whole Loess Plateau. Precipitation is the most important climatic factor that closely correlates with MNDVI, particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. However, in some wet regions, precipitation is not a limiting factor on vegetation growth.     

Satellite and Ground Based Monitoring of Aerosol Plumes

Plumes of atmospheric aerosol have been studied using a rangeof satellite and ground-based techniques. The Sea-viewing WideField-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) has been used to observe plumesof sulphate aerosol and Saharan dust around the coast of theUnited Kingdom. Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) was retrievedfrom SeaWiFS for two events; a plume of Saharan dusttransported over the United Kingdom from Western Africa and aperiod of elevated sulphate experienced over the Easternregion of the UK. Patterns of AOT are discussed and related tothe synoptic and mesoscale weather conditions. Furtherobservation of the sulphate aerosol event was undertaken usingthe Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instrument(AVHRR). Atmospheric back trajectories and weather conditionswere studied in order to identify the meteorologicalconditions which led to this event. Co-located ground-basedmeasurements of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were obtained for 4sites within the UK and PM_2.5/10 ratios were calculatedin order to identify any unusually high or low ratios(indicating the dominant size fraction within the plume)during either of these events. Calculated percentiles ofPM_2.5/10 ratios during the 2 events examined show thatthese events were notable within the record, but were in noway unique or unusual in the context of a 3 yr monitoringrecord. Visibility measurements for both episodes have beenexamined and show that visibility degradation occurred duringboth the sulphate aerosol and Saharan dust episodes.     

基于AVHRR的成都平原城市热岛效应演变趋势分析

作为城市气候主要特征之一的热岛效应有日渐明显的趋势，给城市发展和市民生活带来一系列负面影响。对2000～2006年春季下午NOAA气象卫星遥感数据的处理和分析发现，随着城市的扩张，成都平原城市热岛效应的规模呈扩大趋势。成都市区热岛强度一般为5℃-7℃，局部地方极值可达8℃以上；市中心区热岛强度相对减弱，东部工业区热岛高温区面积逐渐缩小，市区西南部热岛明显发展，致使2003年起热岛次高温区在二、三环路附近大致呈环状分布。热岛演变与近几年城市建设和改造活动密切相关。研究成果为政府相关部门缓解热岛效应、改善人居环境提供了参考依据。     

NOAA satellite data: a useful tool for macro inventory

This article discusses some of the demonstrated and potential uses of data from satellites with large fields of view and high frequency of coverage, such as NOAA AVHRR data and Nimbus-7 CZCS data. The use of such data is discussed for three types of applications: (a) stratification, (b) change detection, and (c) area estimation. It is concluded that such data have considerable promise as an aid to a variety of large-area inventory and monitoring tasks.     

成都平原城市热岛效应的遥感分析

将AVHRR第4通道数据经过辐射校正,再计算得到等效辐射亮温。用城市与郊区的亮温之差代表热岛温度,并以摄氏温标表示。采用统计、平面等值线和三维立体等方法,统计分析了成都平原12个城市的热岛最大强度!Tmax;分析了成都市白天和夜间城市热岛的动态变化规律,从宏观上形象地展示了成都平原的城市热岛现象及其特点。研究证明:利用NOAA/热红外遥感数据进行城市热岛效应的快速监测和宏观动态分析是可行的。     

基于知识的AVHRR影像的水体自动识别方法与模型研究

根据水体光谱特性，通过分析水体在ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星的ＡＶＨＲＲ影像上的表象特征及与其它相关环境因子在光谱信息上的差异，认为水体在ＡＶＨＲＲ影像上具有光谱可分辨性，从而提出了基于水体光谱知识的水体自动提取识别的水体描述模型，并将该模型应用于太湖、淮河、渤海等地区，取得较好的效果。该模型方法同样可扩展应用于其它传感器获得的影像数据，从而实现遥感信息提取的自动化与智能化     

AVHRR草地分类的潜力和局限:以锡林郭勒草原为例

AVHRR-NDVI已广泛应用于宏观土地覆盖研究,但在区域研究中应用比较少。论文根据1999年锡林郭勒草原4种草地NDVI的动态过程,结合对应AVHRR提供的额外信息,对4种草地进行了分类。首先,根据全年NDVI低平的特点检测出荒漠;第二,使用6月Ch3>3180和Ch5>3100区分出沙地草地;第三,使用8月Ch2>200或6～8月NDVI_6～8月>1.2检测出长势良好的草甸。与基于TM的草地图比较,AVHRR的分类结果失去了许多细节,但对土地覆盖长期变化研究仍有价值,特别是对沙漠化过程的监测。需要进一步的研究才能确定AVHRR在区分长势差的草甸和典型草原方面的潜力或局限。     

NOAA卫星监测巢湖蓝藻水华的试验分析

采用实地水质采样分析、水面光谱测量等实地监测 ,并结合NOAA气象卫星遥感信息 ,对巢湖水华进行星地同步调查监测。结果表明 ,蓝藻叶绿素的存在使得进入近红外波段水体反射率明显上升 ,基于这一光谱特性以及蓝藻特有的漂浮特性 ,可利用NOAA卫星监测巢湖等内陆大面积的严重污染湖泊蓝藻水华的分布状况。     

基于AVHRR和DEM的重庆城市热岛效应分析

为研究复杂地形上城市热岛(UHI)的特点和变化规律,给城市生态环境分析提供依据,使用重庆市2006年14个时相的NOAA/AVHRR（美国国家海洋大气局/改进的甚高分辨率辐射计）卫星遥感数据和数字高程模型（DEM）,得到研究区域的亮温场,并参照热力学概念和模型,根据当地高程,以海拔 300 m 为基准高度将亮温场计算成位温场。结果表明：（1）计算后山脉、河谷处的温度场普遍改变;山脉植被对下垫面的降温作用明显;白天UHI范围较大,长江和嘉陵江河谷对UHI的切隔作用显著;夜间嘉陵江两侧的UHI趋为一体,范围缩小;（2）7月 25～26日存在多个UHI中心,下午和凌晨最大强度分别为64℃和22℃,平均值分别为605℃和205℃,昼夜平均为405℃;（3）夏、秋季白天和夜间平均最大强度分别为523℃和329℃;（4）重庆UHI强度白天大于夜间,与成都的同类研究结果相同;但夏、秋季的平均最大强度为426℃,小于成都的650℃。