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1.
María L. Pignata Martha S. Cañas Hebe A. Carreras Liliana Orellana 《Environmental management》1997,21(5):793-801
Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. in relation to atmospheric pollutants in Córdoba city, Argentina. The study area receives
regional pollutants and was categorized taking into account traffic level, industrial density, type of industry, location
of the sample point in relation to the street corner, treeless condition, and topographic level. Dried weight/fresh weight
ratio (DW/FW) and specific leaf area (SLA) were calculated, and concentrations of chlorophylls, carotenoids, total sulfur,
soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroperoxy conjugated dienes (HPCD) were determined in leaf samples. Sulfur
content correlates positively with traffic density and SLA correlates negatively with some combinations of the categorical
variables; MDA correlates positively with topographic level and total protein concentration correlates negatively with treeless
condition. On the basis of our results, traffic, location of trees, type of industry, situation of a tree with respect to
others, and topographic level are the environmental variables to bear in mind when selecting analogous sampling points in
a passive monitoring program. An approximation to predict tree injury may be obtained by measuring DW/FW ratio, proteins,
pigments, HPCD, and MDA as they are responsible for the major variability of data. 相似文献
2.
3.
为了解设施菜地土壤重金属累积规律及影响因,通过在全国8个省具有代表性的设施蔬菜产区采集土壤和肥料样品,系统研究了设施栽培年限、肥料施用、土壤性质对设施菜地土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Cd累积量及活度的影响.结果表明:与露天栽培相比,设施条件下随着栽培年限的延长,土壤Cu、Zn和Cd的全量和有效态浓度均呈明显的累积趋势,栽培年限>15a时的设施土壤Cu、Zn和Cd的全量和有效态浓度分别是露天栽培土壤的1.57、2.16、1.67、3.28、1.96、2.00倍.Pearson分析表明设施菜地土壤Cu、Zn、Cd均与土壤SOM呈极显著相关,说明其在来源上较强的相似性,进一步对设施栽培土壤主要投入品中Cu、Zn、Cd含量分析表明,猪粪、商品有机肥及土壤调理剂中Cu、Zn均超过了100mg/kg,Cd超过了1.0mg/kg,且投入量较大,是设施栽培土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd的主要贡献者,而秸秆和部分化肥(如尿素、硫酸钾)中的Cu、Zn、Cd含量均极低,对设施栽培土壤累积贡献微乎其微.pH值和CEC是影响Cu、Zn、Cd在土壤中累积活度的关键因素,其中随着pH值的升高土壤Cu活度表现了先升高后下降的趋势,而土壤Cd活度则表现了持续下降的趋势,仅在pH<6.26时达到了显著相关水平;土壤CEC的升高对土壤Cu活度表现了先下降后升高再下降的趋势,土壤Cd活度表现了先升高后缓慢下降再升高的趋势,而土壤Zn活度仅在CEC<5.83时随着CEC升高表现下降显著线性相关趋势.因此,防止设施栽培土壤Cu、Zn、Cd的累积与污染,选择重金属含量低的肥料和调控土壤理化特性(尤其是pH值、CEC)则是缓解设施栽培土壤重金属累积速率进而确保蔬菜质量安全的有效途径. 相似文献
4.
为落实铜陵市环境总体规划中大气环境规划,首先,利用A值法计算铜陵市大气环境容量,得出各区域大气环境承载率;之后,采用CALPUFF模型对铜陵市气象、土地利用以及地形要素进行综合处理;最后,根据模型输出对受体点和市域面积结果并结合ARCGIS得出不同影响性划分结果,以划定铜陵市总体规划中大气红线,并对后续规划提出针对性建议。从铜陵市污染源影响区、污染物影响区以及受体影响区地理坐标及面积占比评价结果来看,以污染物年均浓度为基准,红线部分面积为234.07km~2,占比为19.49%。 相似文献
5.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake, China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The Cr,Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus,Carassius auratus Linnaeus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis,which were caught from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,a large,shallow and eutrophic lake of China.The results showed that:(1)the Cr,Cu,Pb,Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion(1994),but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion;(2)Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish,Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish,Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads,Zn contents were the highest in the gonad(♀),and Cu contents were the highest in the liver;(3)the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle.The total metal accumulation was the highest in C.auratus L.This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption,but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn. 相似文献
6.
外生菌根对欧洲赤松苗(Pinussylvestris)Cu、Zn积累和分配的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过测定2种不同施锌和施铜水平下苗木和离体菌丝中铜锌含量研究了接种外生菌根(Suillusbovinus)对欧洲赤松(Pi-nussylvestris)苗生长和微量元素积累和分配的影响. 结果表明菌丝的侵染增加了苗木生长同时也增加了植物体内重金属的含量.然而菌根植物中的重金属大部分分布在根部在铜处理中菌根植物地下部分的铜含量是无菌根植物的2.6倍在锌处理中锌是无菌根植物的1.3 倍. 说明菌丝侵染使植物将过量的重金属滞留在根部从而增加了植物对过量重金属的抗性.通过进一步测定培养在过量重金属中的离体菌丝的重金属含量结果显示随着外界重金属浓度的增加菌丝分泌物内重金属含量比菌丝内重金属含量增加快说明滞留在根部的重金属可能并没有进入根系而是以某种形态滞留在菌丝分泌物和菌丝内. 相似文献
7.
以桑树(Morus alba)雌雄幼苗为实验材料,研究了施铅处理对其生长发育、生理过程和铅元素积累的影响,以揭示桑树幼苗对铅污染的生理耐性和积累能力的性别差异.结果表明:施铅后桑树雌雄幼苗的可溶性蛋白(Pr)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加,雄株增幅略高于雌株,而丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率无显著变化;雌雄幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著增加,雄株比雌株具有更高的Pn和Tr;雌雄幼苗的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及叶绿素相对含量显著增加,雄株增幅高于雌株;雌雄幼苗的形态生长与地上部生物量显著增加,根冠比显著降低,而雄株比雌株具有更高的株高、基径和总叶片数;铅在植物体内的分布为根叶茎,雄株根、叶中的铅含量和转移系数略高于雌株.综上,灌施剂量为800 mg·kg-1的铅离子对桑树雄株幼苗生长的促进作用高于雌株,雄株比雌株具有更强的生理耐性和积累能力. 相似文献
8.
9.
Hernández-Allica J Becerril JM Garbisu C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):32-40
A hydroponic screening method was used to identify high biomass crop plants with the ability to accumulate metals. Highest values of shoot accumulation were found in maize cv. Ranchero, rapeseed cv. Karat, and cardoon cv. Peralta for Pb (18 753 mg kg(-1)), Zn (10 916 mg kg(-1)), and Cd (242 mg kg(-1)), respectively. Subsequently, we tested the potential of these three cultivars for the phytoextraction of a metal spiked compost, finding out that, in cardoon and maize plants, increasing Zn and Cd concentrations led to lower values of root and shoot DW. By contrast, rapeseed shoot growth was not significantly affected by Cd concentration. Finally, a metal polluted soil was used to check these cultivars' phytoextraction capacity. Although the soil was phytotoxic enough to prevent the growth of cardoon and rapeseed plants, maize plants phytoextracted 3.7 mg Zn pot(-1). We concluded that the phytoextraction performance of cultivars varies depending on the screening method used. 相似文献
10.
Use of USLE/GIS Methodology for Predicting Soil Loss in a Semiarid Agricultural Watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an erosion model to estimate average soil loss that would generally result from
splash, sheet, and rill erosion from agricultural plots. Recently, use of USLE has been extended as a useful tool predicting
soil losses and planning control practices in agricultural watersheds by the effective integration of the GIS-based procedures
to estimate the factor values in a grid cell basis. This study was performed in the Kazan Watershed located in the central
Anatolia, Turkey, to predict soil erosion risk by the USLE/GIS methodology for planning conservation measures in the site.
Rain erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), and cover management factor (C) values of the model were calculated from erosivity
map, soil map, and land use map of Turkey, respectively. R values were site-specifically corrected using DEM and climatic
data. The topographical and hydrological effects on the soil loss were characterized by LS factor evaluated by the flow accumulation
tool using DEM and watershed delineation techniques. From resulting soil loss map of the watershed, the magnitude of the soil
erosion was estimated in terms of the different soil units and land uses and the most erosion-prone areas where irreversible
soil losses occurred were reasonably located in the Kazan watershed. This could be very useful for deciding restoration practices
to control the soil erosion of the sites to be severely influenced. 相似文献