Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

室内有毒易爆气体的检测

随着城市生活水平的提高,室内装修装饰日益普及.各种新材料的引入,使得室内的各种有害气体总量日益增加.长期生活在这样的环境下,会对人体健康产生极为不利的影响.居民生活用煤气,在给人们生活带来便利的同时,作为一种可燃性、有毒气体,也具有极强的危害性.因此,研制一种能检测多种有害气体的实用仪器,具有很大的应用价值.本仪器为便携式多功能仪器,采用可充电电池供电,可以检测ppb的挥发性气体,显示气体浓度值,也可检测煤气,并具有声光报警功能.     

湿法脱硫真空皮带机运行控制分析与改进

介绍了真空皮带机脱水过程的基本原理及其在石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫系统中的应用情况,分析了PID控制真空皮带机运行的原理。由于真空皮带机常规PID控制系统的滞后严重,采用模糊控制后系统的响应得到了较好的改善,实际应用结果证明了理论的正确性。     

Control of TAME reactive distillation using Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

The control system performs poor in characteristics and even it becomes unstable, if improper values of the controller tuning constants are used. So it becomes necessary to tune the controller parameters to achieve good control performance with the proper choice of tuning constants. Many control problems involve simultaneous optimization of multiple variables that competing with each other. In this paper, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) has been successfully applied to optimization of dynamic state of t-amyl-methyl-ether (TAME) reactive distillation process. This paper presents the tuning of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers by minimizing of two objective functions (overshoot and Integral of Absolute Error (IAE)) through the NSGA-II. Results show that genetic algorithm is more suitable method for optimal control of the TAME reactive distillation columns than traditional methods such as Tyreus-Luyben.     

Integration of process control protection layer into a simulation-based HAZOP tool

This paper discusses the framework methodology behind the proposed simulation-based HAZOP tool. Simulation-based approach is one of the many ways to support conventional HAZOP by its automation. Compared to knowledge-based and other approaches, a HAZOP software tool based on deviations simulation is able to examine the investigated process more into detail and so find root causes of hazardous consequences. Another advantage is the ability to identify also potential hazards which did not occur in the past and might be overlooked. The presented framework methodology uses a layer of protection analysis (LOPA) concept of independent protection layers (IPLs) testing. Control system integrated into the raw process design represents the first of various protection layers of the LOPA concept. As a case study, a CSTR chemical production with nonlinear behavior under Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) actions as the predominant type of classical feedback control strategy is used. The presented tool identifies hazardous regimes under conditions when control loop introduces hazardous consequences or even acts synergically with existing hazardous events. Risk derived from different consequences is ranked by the risk assessment matrix (RAM) as a part of the conventional quantitative HAZOP study.     

基于PACSystems~(TM) Rx3i自动恒温控制系统的设计

在工业生产中,恒温控制应用非常广泛。为了克服热惯性和高温散热较快的影响,以GE智能平台PACSystemTMRX3i作为控制器、组态软件i FIX作为上位机监控、采用PID算法设计了一套恒温控制系统,本文介绍了系统的硬件组成结构和软件控制方案,详述了Proficy ME软件提供的PID指令块,绘制出了i FIX实时监控的动态温度曲线。实验表明,该系统实现了温度的精确测量和控制,其中静态误差小于0.4℃,恒温控制的标准差小于1.1℃。方案具有工程借鉴参考意义。     

模糊PID在湿法脱硫pH控制中的应用

针对湿法脱硫pH值变化过程的非线性和滞后性等特点,采用模糊PID控制方案,在线整定PID参数Kp、K1、KD,仿真后的理论分析表明,系统的动、静态特性比传统PID控制有很大的提高。     

基于数据分析的地铁智能温控系统方案设计

针对目前地铁站及地铁车辆内部的环境温度控制,提出一种通过数据分析随环境变化情况进行自动调节的智能温度控制系统方案.智能温度控制系统采用闭环控制,核心温控采用PID控制.阐述系统的设计原理、架构、关键技术、实际应用中的工作模式,说明环境因素采集预算子系统、温度实时监测子系统、温度预警和温度调整子系统的系统功能.     

环境试验设备控制过程中的PID整定

分析环境试验设备中控制器PID算法原理和PID整定方法。     

气相色谱法同时测定苯系物和汽油化合物

气相色谱法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的线性关系。按照EPA QA／QC的要求,将该方法运用于实际样品分析。结果表明。水中汽油检出限为0．04mg／L。水中苯系物检出限为0．003-0．005mg／L,土壤中汽油检出限为0．5mg／kg,土壤中苯系物检出限为0.005-0．008mg／kg。样品加标回收率为97．1％～106．8％。变异系数为2．1％～4．6％,结果令人满意。