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环境水样前处理对监测结果准确度的影响不容忽视,是保证监测结果准确度的一个重要环节,样品前处理技术方法及需要注意的问题是保证监测结果真正可靠的保障。 相似文献
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预处理对城市固体有机垃圾厌氧发酵的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对近年来城市固体有机垃圾厌氧消化的各种预处理技术和发展趋势进行了综合分析和评述.研究认为,通过预处理能够改善城市固体有机物的物化性质,提高微生物对难降解有机物的降解,优化垃圾的厌氧消化过程. 相似文献
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Adamo P Bargagli R Giordano S Modenesi P Monaci F Pittao E Spagnuolo V Tretiach M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(1):11-19
To enhance the reliability of the moss and lichen transplant technique for active biomonitoring of trace metals in urban environments, we evaluated the natural variability in the chemical composition of the (epilithic and epiphytic) moss Hypnum cupressiforme and the epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea from two reference areas in NE Italy. Green shoots of epilithic mosses and lobes of epiphytic lichens from larch branches showed rather homogenous composition and were selected for the exposure in nylon bags. As different physico-chemical pre-treatments are usually applied to selected cryptogamic material before its exposure, we also evaluated the effects of oven-drying at 120 degrees C for 24h, washing in 1N HNO3 solution, and in 0.5% NH4 oxalate solution at 85 degrees C for 15 h on the chemical composition and morphology of water-washed moss shoots and lichen lobes. Pre-treatments remarkably changed the chemical composition of selected materials but not their surface morphology. 相似文献
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微波技术在环境试样处理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
综述了微波技术在样品消解、干燥以及溶剂萃取和解吸、生色反应、形态分析、微波雾化等方面的应用。比较了微波技术优于传统预处理技术之处。经分析认为该技术具有广阔的推广和应用前景。 相似文献
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Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%-35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD5/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%-47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO3--N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent. 相似文献
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为解决土壤和沉积物样品中的汞、砷前处理中的一些问题,如耗时长、清洗流程复杂及汞污染等,建立了一种基于王水石墨密封消解体系的前处理新方法,结合原子荧光可用于土壤和沉积物中Hg和As的测定。在最优条件下,2种重金属元素测定结果表明,本方法具有较低的相对误差 (Hg, -9.3%~9.3%; As,-7.0%~5.1%) ,较高的加标回收率 (Hg, 93.2%~104.5%; As, 95.9%~103.5%) 。此外,本方法相关性能指标均优于现行标准方法,具有稳定性好、精密度好、准确度高等优点。更重要的是,本方法因采用成本低廉的一次性塑料管,无需消解管清洗,避免了汞的污染。而且,消解过程无需其它操作,消解液用量少,具有操作简单、成本低、无汞污染等优点,可用于大通量土壤和沉积物Hg、As含量的测定。 相似文献
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Lu J Gavala HN Skiadas IV Mladenovska Z Ahring BK 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):881-889
The present study focuses on a two-step process for treatment and stabilisation of primary sludge. The process consists of a hyper-thermophilic hydrolysis step operated at 70 degrees C and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days followed by a thermophilic (55 degrees C) anaerobic digestion step at a HRT of 13 days. A one-step anaerobic digester operated at 55 degrees C and 15 days HRT was used as a reference process. The two-step process was characterized by a 12% higher organic suspended solids removal efficiency and better pathogen reduction effect than the conventional one-step digestion. The microbial community of the digester fed with pre-treated sludge was characterised by a higher activity compared to that of the digester treating raw sludge. Moreover, the pre-treatment of the primary sludge resulted up to 48% increase of the methane potential (20.09 and 13.56mmolCH(4)g(-)VS(-1) with and without pre-treatment, respectively) and up to 115% increase of the methane production rate. Finally it was shown that the extra energy requirements for the operation of a pre-treatment step would be covered by the energy produced from the extra methane production and in addition there would be a significant energy surplus of 2.17kJd(-1) for the system tested. 相似文献
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对亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定水中硫化物预处理的吹气时间进行了简化实验,并与原方法作了对照,根据测定的精密度和加标回收率的结果,得出可将原方法的吹气时间由25min减少以10min,节省时间,并满足了测定方法规定的质量要求。 相似文献
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In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD5/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO2−–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO3−–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent. 相似文献