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2.
含纤维素废水生物水解的应用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提取植物或动物纤维所产生的高浓有机废水,含短小纤维、木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、蜡质、果胶及其分解产物(糖、脂肪酸、醇等),较难生物处理,属含纤维素废水。试验研究和生产应用表明,生物水解对含纤维素废水中高分子有机物,可予分解并提高度水可生化性:在常温、PH约9.5时,水解池污泥浓度达6.5~16.0g/L,容积负荷达2.9kgCOD/m^3.d,COD去除率为24—36%,VFA提高3.9—5.1倍,BOD/COD提高12~16%。分析认为:中温、酸性,纤维素、木素含量低时,水解效果应更好。  相似文献   
3.
Bagasse, a biomass fuel, is the waste generated by the sugar-making process from sugar cane. Sugar making is one of the most important agricultural-produce processing industries for developing countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa. As sugar producing plants need electric power and process steam, co-generation using bagasse as an alternate fuel for petroleum has been in use for some time. Thailand recently became one of the largest sugar exporters by enlarging plant capacities and improving equipment, thus reducing its production cost. In addition, the Thai government promotes power generation using bagasse as a means to combat global warming by raising the purchase price of the surplus power. The industry is in the process of further raising the plant capacity, and improving the power-generating efficiency. This will enable a plant to generate more electric power than its in-plant need so that the surplus power can be sold to the commercial grid. It also plans to become a local power supplier during off-season of sugar making by adding a condensing turbine generator. A typical Thai sugar plant of the latest design generates steam of 4Mpa at the bagasse boiler outlet with the temperature of 400°C at 84% boiler efficiency. With the bagasse LHV of 7,540 kJ/kg and that of fuel oil 41, 840 kJ/kg, and taking 90%as oil-burning boiler efficiency, 5.95 kg of bagasse would replace 1 kg of oil. The Kyoto Mechanism defines CO2 generation by fuel oil as 2.65 kg per liter. Using 0.85for the specific gravity of fuel oil, the amount of CO2 generation will be 3.12 kg-CO2/kg. Therefore, CO2reduction per ton of bagasse in terms of fuel oil will be: 3.12/5.95 =0.524 kg-CO2/kg-bagasse. As 1 kg of bagasse generates 2 kg of steam, the CO2reduction of a 100t/h steam boiler will be112,660 ton/year for an annual operation of4,300 hours, as follows. 0.524 × 100/2 = 26.2 t-CO2/h, 26.2 × 4,300 =112,660 t-CO2/year. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   
4.
The main objective of this project was to evaluate the possibility of reducing the quantity of fibre wasted at one of many hydrocyclone (centrifugal) cleaning processes in a paper mill. It was found that the application of elutriation water to both the tertiary and quaternary cleaners was essential to minimise the fibre discharged to the sewer, and the pressure of this elutriation water had a dramatic effect of reducing the fibre wastage. Accordingly, it has been shown that 150–160 kPa as the optimum pressure range to apply elutriation water to minimise the product grade fibre wasted whilst sending undesired shive fibre to the sewer. Also, monitoring of the press uhle box wastewater revealed that the paper mill has the potential to make substantial cost savings by reducing the waste stream. Further investigation is necessary to determine the types of fibre that are being wasted, and the viability of a screen to recycle the wasted fibre to the process. However, these fibres may be unsuitable to reuse in the process and alternative uses must be found.  相似文献   
5.
任欣 《上海环境科学》1997,16(5):28-31,34
文章概述了我国造纸行业清洁生产示范项目审计的成果,从环境、经济及清洁生产方案类型等角度对企业推行清洁生产进行了初步分析,提出了存在的主要问题,并就进一步推动造纸行业的清洁生产提出了建议。  相似文献   
6.
钢厂热锯机噪声控制方案   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
某钢厂热锯机的工作噪声问题严重影响附近居民的日常生活,急需解决。根据其发声机理,通过采取对圆盘锯边缘开槽,安装吸隔声罩,对锯片增加阻尼材料,夹紧工件等措施取得了较好的降噪效果。  相似文献   
7.
本文报道了利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的方法,阐明了造纸黑液中所含有还原性物质与Cr^6+的反应机理;讨论了进行反应的最佳条件以及采用这一方法对废液的治理效果。  相似文献   
8.
The diagram constructed for selection of sampling methods indicates that, for a systematic error, E ≤ 13%, grab sampling (GS) may be used to characterize effluents with variation coefficient of flow ≤ 120% and of contaminant concentrations ≤ 10%. For the whole studied range of variation coefficient of contaminant concentrations (2–82%), time-proportional compositing (TC) method may be applied with E ≤ 10% for effluents characterized by variation coefficients in flow < 90%. The more complicated flow-proportional compositing (FC) method is required only for effluents with larger variation coefficients or to produce more precise results. The diagram constructed for selection of sampling frequencies indicates that sequential sampling at intervals of approximately 60 min may be applied with E ≤ 10% for effluents characterized by variation coefficients ≤ 30%. Practical application of the diagrams, constructed using normal series, was checked against monitoring data from two pulp and paper mills in Vietnam. The two diagrams provided results on sampling methods and frequencies in good agreement with those obtained from actual monitoring data with percentages of agreement cases of 80 and 75%, respectively. The approach was applied in design of a monitoring program at the Bai Bang integrated pulp and paper mill in Vietnam.  相似文献   
9.
固硫剂制备工艺探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨了循环流化床锅炉脱硫方法中固硫剂的制备工艺,对几种石灰石破碎设备及工艺进行了分析比较,通过柱磨机粉磨石灰石的工业试验,了解其产品粒度分布,从而择优确定固硫剂制备工艺流程。  相似文献   
10.
Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts: (1) their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; (2) and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater (OMW) under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Grignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13 C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.  相似文献   
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