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The off-gas handling system is a vital component of a smelter and it is essential that it operates in accordance with environmental regulations. A key feature of the off-gas management system is maintaining a slightly negative system pressure to prevent gas leakage, such as SO2, out into the work and external environments. To enhance sustainable development, there is also growing interest in capturing and reusing the significant amount of heat and CO2 contained within off-gas. The potential incorporation of heat and CO2 recovery systems places importance on enhancing control to minimize the risk of both gas leakage and disturbance of the smelting process. With these requirements in mind, an easily implementable feedforward control enhancement to existing control schemes is proposed to help provide improved performance. 相似文献
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为了研究宝鸡铅锌冶炼厂周围大气降尘中重金属元素的浓度含量、来源以及污染现状。利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了大气降尘中的重金属元素的浓度,并且应用数据的多元统计方法和地质累积污染指数法对降尘中重金属元素的来源和污染程度进行评价分析。结果表明:铅锌冶炼厂周围大气降尘中重金属元素有4种主要重金属元素均超出中国、当地土壤背景值,其中Pb、Cd达到了重污染。 相似文献
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在对金隆和贵溪冶炼厂污酸及废水处理系统综合分析的基础上 ,本着精简、经济和高效的原则 ,对金昌冶炼厂拟建的污酸及污水处理方案 ,从工艺、设备等方面提出改进措施 相似文献
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Williamson BJ Purvis OW Mikhailova IN Spiro B Udachin V 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):227-236
The lichen transplant monitoring methodology has been tested for source apportionment of metal deposition around the Cu smelter
and former mining town of Karabash. Transplants of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., collected from a ‘control’ site in July 2001, were set up at 10 stations along a 60 km NE–SW transect centred on Karabash.
Samples were collected after 2 and 3 month monitoring periods and analysed using established wet-chemical techniques. The
sources of particulate investigated were the smelter blast furnace and converter, floatation tailings, metallurgical slags,
local road dusts, top soils and ambient airborne total suspended particulate. From multi-element least-squares modelling the
blast furnace was the main source of particulate in transplants close to the smelter (<10 km). Particulate from the converter,
with relatively high Pb and Zn, was found to be more widely dispersed, being finer-grained and so having a longer atmospheric
residence time. Ambient airborne particulate, sampled in Karabash town using air-pump apparatus, was almost entirely derived
from the converter, very different to the lichen transplants from the same area which mainly contained blast furnace particulate.
It is proposed that lichens close to the smelter mainly trapped larger blast furnace-derived particulate as they have a low
capture efficiency for smaller (converter) particles. The study demonstrates the utility of lichen transplants for monitoring
atmospheric deposition and highlights the caution required in their use to assess ambient air quality in human health studies. 相似文献
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Clémentine Fritsch 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):827-840
We investigated how host factors (species, age, gender) modulated Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations, metallothionein levels (MTs) and their relationships in 7 sympatric small mammal species along a pollution gradient. Cd concentrations in liver and kidneys increased with age in all species. Age effect on other metals and MTs differs among species. Gender did not influence metal and MT levels except in the bank vole. Three patterns linking internal metal concentrations and MTs were observed along the gradient: a low metal accumulation with a (i) high (wood mouse) or (ii) low (bank vole) level of MTs accompanied by a slight or no increase of MTs with Cd accumulation; (iii) an elevated metal accumulation with a sharp increase of MTs (common and pygmy shrews). In risk assessment and biomonitoring perspectives, we conclude that measurements of MTs and metals might be associated because they cannot be interpreted properly when considered separately. 相似文献
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Sigurd Rognerud Vladimir A. Dauvalter Eirik Fjeld Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle Guttorm Christensen Nickolay Kashulin 《Ambio》2013,42(6):724-736
A large copper–nickel smelter complex is located at the Kole Penninsula, Russia, close to the Norwegian border. Trace-element concentrations in surface sediments (0–0.5 cm) and pre-industrial sediments from 45 lakes in the region were used to uncover spatial deposition patterns and contamination factor of sediments. Elevated concentrations were found, especially for Ni and Cu, but also for Pb, Co, Hg, As, and Cd. Highest concentrations were found up to 20 km from the smelter, but the concentrations decreased exponentially with distance from the smelter. Increasing Ni, Cu, As, and Hg concentrations from sub-surface to surface sediments were found for lakes at intermediate distances (20–60 km). This may reflect recent changes in atmospheric depositions, as shown in nearby Norwegian areas. However, we cannot rule out that this also may have been caused by diagenetic processes, especially for the most redox-sensitive elements such as As. 相似文献
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Ryunosuke Kikuchi Tamara T. Gorbacheva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(4):431-438
Background, aim, and scope The Arctic holds large stores of minerals, and extracted materials are provided to the world’s economy; in this sense, the
Arctic issue associated with mining is not local but global. In a part of the Arctic region (the Kola Peninsula, 66–70° N
and 28–41° E), metal levels are generally elevated in the lake sediment. There is a question as to what results in elevated
metal levels—a natural process (naturally abundant minerals) or an anthropogenic process (mining and metallurgy). In terms
of solving this question, Staroe lake located on the Kola Peninsula was researched as a case study.
Materials and methods The following parameters were determined in relation with Staroe lake: (1) the current quality of the lake’s water—each 1,000-ml
sample was collected at a surface point and a deep point (near the bottom layer), and the collected samples were directly
analyzed after filtration; (2) atmospheric bulk deposition—bulk deposition was collected using a set of three rainwater samplers
near the lake. In addition, bulk deposition was collected in a background site (250 km to the southwest of the smelter complex)
as a reference; and (3) sediment profile (plus principal component analysis)—lake-bottom sediment was collected by an open-gravimetric
column sampler equipped with an automatic diaphragm. After collection, the sample columns were cut at a 1-cm interval for
analysis. Eigenvalues and variances by factor were calculated from the correlation coefficients.
Results The obtained data show that (1) naturally poor elements (Cu, Ni, Si, and SO4
2−) dominantly influence the lake’s water quality; (2) they are transported from the anthropogenic sources to the study lake
through the atmospheric pathway; (3) mainly the contents of Cu, Ni, Sr, and Ca have influenced the sediment quality since
the 1950s, corresponding to the industrial movement; and (4) Cu, Ni, and Sr originate from an anthropogenic source (smelter),
and Ca originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
Discussion As compared with the Russian standard (San Pin 2.1.980–00), the contents of NO3
− (50.3 ± 0.1 mg l−1) and particulates (2.3 ± 0.2 mg l−1) exceeded the standard levels (0.7 mg l−1 NO3
− and 45 mg l−1 particulates); Staroe lake may be slightly contaminated. However, the contamination factor (comparison with the background
data) implies that Staroe lake is considerably contaminated. There is a strong possibility that fine overburden detritus (<0.1 mm
diameter) may be transported from an open pit to the study lake by natural forces such as wind. Although it is difficult to
suppose that one factor dominantly affects the sediment quality, it follows from a factor analysis that factors 1 and 2 account
for about 70% of the total variance: Factor 1 is the most dominant, and factor 2 is the second most dominant in the variability
of sediment quality. It is considered that Cu, Sr, and Ni in factor 1 originate from anthropogenic sources because they are
poor in sediment rocks.
Conclusions The field survey conducted in Staroe lake can give the following answers to the key objectives: (1) The present water quality
is affected by Cu, Ni, Si, and SO4
2− in light of the contamination factor, and these elements originate from anthropogenic sources (the smelter and the open pit)
and are transported to the lake through the atmospheric pathway; (2) the sediment profile and statistic analysis show that
the lake quality has been influenced by deposition of metals since the 1950s; and (3) Cu, Ni, Sr, and Ca have influenced the
sediment quality in light of the most dominant factor—Cu, Ni, and Sr originate from an anthropogenic source, whereas Ca comes
from both natural and anthropogenic sources.
Recommendations and perspectives The presented lake survey shows that the dispersion of human-related pollutants via the atmospheric pathway takes place in
the Arctic region. If the current pollution continues without countermeasures, the high-latitude environment may lose its
original characteristics; hence, this subject is important when considering how to implement a wide range of environmental
protection measures in the Arctic. 相似文献
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