我国公共场所禁烟现状及对策分析

分析目前我国公共场所禁烟现状，探讨进一步加强公共场所禁烟工作的对策。方法：对四川、贵州、浙江、广西等地区的疾病控制中心、卫生监督所以及健康教育所的工作人员进行定性访谈，并结合文献综述。结果：尽管我国公共场所的禁烟工作取得了一些成绩，但仍存在很多不足之处。结论：公共场所彻底禁烟不仅需要烟民的自觉禁烟，也需要政府有关法令的力行实施，更需要全社会广大群众的共同参与。     

吸烟室内污染对家庭成员呼吸系统健康的影响

应用“家庭健康问卷调查”的方法,对中国兰州,重庆,武汉,广州４城市８所小学中的儿童家庭进行“吸烟室内污染对家庭成员呼吸系统健康的影响”调查,结果表明,吸烟的家庭比不吸烟的家庭室内污染严重,对人体健康有明显影响,其儿童患感冒咳嗽咳痰,支气管等病症的发生率,父亲吸烟的家庭比不吸烟的家庭要高出２倍６倍。     

Behavioral and histological characterization of the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and withdrawal in rats

Abstract

The aims of the study are to assess some effects of smoking for 3?months and of withdrawal of male weaned rats on anxiety, locomotor activity, and depression using common behavioral tests such as the marble burying, open field, and forced swim tests. Somatic signs of abstinence and histological effects were also studied. The rats present changes of the aforementioned behaviors as well as histological alterations of the lungs.     

地矿系统矽肺与可疑矽肺的肺功能评价

本文通过对地质矿产系统１１５ 例矽肺与可疑矽肺的肺功能检查与分析，对矽肺呼吸功能障碍的性质与程度进行了评价；提出了肺功能检查能为矽肺患者代偿机能及劳动力鉴定提供辅助依据的见解；同时阐明了吸烟对肺功能的影响及小气道功能检查对早期发现亚临床期病人的意义     

Environmental ozone exposure and oxidative DNA damage in adult residents of Florence, Italy

In 71 adults residing in Florence, Italy, enrolled in a prospective study, we investigated the correlation between individual levels of oxidative DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in circulating lymphocytes, and a specific ozone exposure score calculated in 10 different time-windows (0-5 to 0-90 days) before blood drawing, based on daily measurements provided by the local environmental monitoring system.Overall, statistically significant positive correlations between average ozone concentrations and DNA damage emerged in almost all time-windows considered; correlations were more evident among males, non-smokers, and traffic-exposed workers. Multivariate regression analyses taking into account selected individual characteristics, showed an independent effect on DNA damage of average ozone concentrations in the last 60-90 days before blood drawing. Local residents showed a divergent pattern with correlations restricted to shorter time-windows.Our results suggest that ozone concentrations at ground levels modulate oxidative DNA damage in circulating lymphocytes of residents of polluted areas.     

沈阳市沈河区空气降尘污染特征及趋势

依据１９９４年～１９９８年期间监测得到的降尘数据，全面阐述了沈河区空气降尘污染特征及变化趋势。科学地分析了污染现状，并对沈河区空气污染的防治提出几点建议。     

Adjustment formulae for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein,human chorionic gonadotropin,and unconjugated oestriol to maternal weight and smoking

Serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and un-conjugated oestriol (uE3) were measured in serum samples of 4131 non-smoking and 1018 smoking women during the second trimester of pregnancy. The levels of all three analytes decreased with increasing body weight. The AFP median was significantly increased in smokers in a dose-response association; hCG decreased by 21 per cent and uE3 decreased by 3 per cent in smokers in a non-dose-related fashion. Regression functions for adjustment of serum levels for weight and smoking should be considered in risk estimation for Down syndrome in order to give a woman's individual risk more precisely.     

Maternal smoking habits and Down's syndrome

Two series of pregnancies were studied to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and the risk of fetal Down' s syndrome. In the first series, ascertained in the 1960s, in which smoking habits were determined after the outcome of pregnancy was known, the proportion of smokers (47 per cent) among the 461 women whose pregnancies ended in the birth of an infant with Down' s syndrome was similar to that in the 461 controls (46 per cent) who had pregnancies affected by other congenital disorders. In the second series, ascertained between 1973 and 1984, smoking habits were determined by measurement of cotinine in antenatal serum samples that were routinely collected and stored or, if a serum sample was not available, from information in the antenatal notes. In this series, the proportion of smokers (14 per cent) among the 91 women who had pregnancies associated with Down' s syndrome was lower than that among 413 controls (19 per cent), though this was not statistically significant. Collectively, our results provide no evidence for an association between fetal Down' s syndrome and smoking. Other published studies found a deficit of smokers among women who had pregnancies associated with Down' s syndrome. This may be partly due to some studies not taking adequate account of maternal age (older women are more likely to have had a Down' s syndrome pregnancy but are less likely to be smokers) and partly due to the greater tendency for positive findings to be published than negative ones.     

乌鲁木齐市大气CO污染与居民血液中HbCO的关系

通过对乌鲁木齐市大气中CO含量以及居民血液中HbCO的调查，并对其二者的相关性研究认为人体中HbCO含量随大气中CO浓度升高而增加，吸烟引起的人体中HbCO水平比暴露于大气中的CO所引起的HbCO水平更高得多，吸烟污染更为严重。