Plasmonic silver/silver oxide nanoparticles anchored bismuth vanadate as a novel visible-light ternary photocatalyst for degrading pharmaceutical micropollutants

The degradation of pharmaceutical micropollutants is an intensifying environmental problem and synthesis of efficient photocatalysts for this purpose is one of the foremost challenges worldwide. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop novel plasmonic Ag/Ag₂O/BiVO₄ nanocomposite photocatalysts by simple precipitation and thermal decomposition methods, which could exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for mineralized pharmaceutical micropollutants. Among the different treatments, the best performance was observed for the Ag/Ag₂O/BiVO₄ nanocomposites (5 wt.%; 10 min's visible light irradiation) which exhibited 6.57 times higher photodegradation rate than the pure BiVO₄. Further, the effects of different influencing factors on the photodegradation system of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) were investigated and the feasibility for its practical application was explored through the specific light sources, water source and cycle experiments. The mechanistic study demonstrated that the photogenerated holes (h⁺), superoxide radicals (?O₂^?) and hydroxyl radicals (?OH) participated in TC-HCl removal process, which is different from the pure BiVO₄ reaction system. Hence, the present work can provide a new approach for the formation of novel plasmonic photocatalysts with high photoactivity and can act as effective practical application for environmental remediation.     

Sex-dependent obesogenic effect of tetracycline on Drosophila melanogaster deteriorated by dysrhythmia

Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes.     

TiO2膜固载型多孔催化剂的光催化分解试验

以多孔基质为载体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备出载ＴｉＯ２薄膜的多孔型光催化剂。用Ｘ射线衍射和扫描电镜对催化剂的物相和形貌进行了表征，此催化剂能在光照下分解水溶液中四环素抗菌素。经１ｈ光照，四环素的分解率可达８５％左右。     

Enhanced activity of ZnS(111) by N/Cu co-doping:Accelerated degradation of organic pollutants under visible light

High-efficiency photocatalysts are of great significance for the application of photocatalytic technology in water treatment.In this study,N/Cu co-doped ZnS nanosphere photocatalys(N/Cu-ZnS) is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the first time.After doping,the tex ture of nanosphere becomes loose,the nanometer diameter is reduced,making the specific surface area of catalyst increased from 34.73 to 101.59 m²/g.The characterization results show that more ZnS (111) crystal planes a...     

太湖贡湖湾水域抗生素污染特征分析与生态风险评价

为评估太湖贡湖湾水域抗生素污染程度与生态风险,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测分析了4类抗生素(四环素类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类)在贡湖湾表层水的污染特征.结果表明,16种目标抗生素中,有13种在贡湖湾水体中检出,质量浓度范围为0.005~4.720μg·L-1,其中土霉素(oxytetracycline,OTC)检出浓度最高.抗生素在南北两湖湾的检出水平也互有高低,其中四环素类抗生素北部湾要高于南部湾,而喹诺酮类和磺胺类抗生素的检出量南部湾要高于北部湾.采用风险商值法进行风险评估,初步评估结果为贡湖湾水域中检出的抗生素中,处于高风险的有5种:四环素类土霉素(OTC)及喹诺酮类诺氟沙星(norfloxacin,NOR)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin,OFL)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)和恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR),占检出种类38.5%;中风险有4种:四环素(tetracycline,TC)、金霉素(chlortetracycline,CTC)、罗红霉素(roxithromycin,ROX)和磺胺甲基异噁唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMX),占检出种类30.8%;其余4种磺胺甲基嘧啶(sulfamerazine,SMR)、磺胺甲氧哒嗪(sulfamethoxypyridazine,SMP)、磺胺喹噁啉(sulfaquinoxaline,SQX)和甲氧苄氨嘧啶(trimethoprim,TMP)为低风险.评估结果表明贡湖水域抗生素存在一定生态风险,其中四环素类和喹诺酮类尤为突出,应引起足够的注意,并采取相应防范措施.     

喹诺酮类抗生素在莱州湾及主要入海河流中的含量和分布特征

采用固相萃取、高效液相色谱/串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)分析了莱州湾及主要入海河流水体中的5种典型喹诺酮类抗生素药物的含量,并对其来源进行了初步探讨。结果显示,人兽共用的诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和依诺沙星在河水中广泛存在,具有80%以上的检出率和较高的含量(99～120 ng/L)。同时它们在海水中亦具有很高检出率(>88%),但含量(31～62 ng/L)明显低于河流中含量,表明河流输入是莱州湾抗生素污染的一个重要来源。不同喹诺酮药物在河水与海水中的稀释比相差较大,可能存在河流之外的其它污染源或药物间迁移转化特征存在差异。河流之间化合物组成差异较大,反应出污染类型的差异。虞河、堤河中环丙沙星和诺氟沙星比重较大(>75%)可能受养殖业的影响较重,而小清河、白浪河中依诺沙星和诺氟沙星比重较大(>78%)则可能受生活污水的影响更大。     

东莞市蔬菜基地土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素的污染特征研究

抗生素作为新兴环境污染物在区域农业土壤污染特征研究中鲜见报道.本文利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,调查了东莞市18个区镇24个代表性蔬菜基地土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的含量与分布特征.结果表明,4种喹诺酮类化合物的检出率均在90%以上,以环丙沙星(平均含量24.93μg·kg-1)和恩诺沙星(平均含量...     

两种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

论文以中国南海筛选的一株塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense C101为研究对象,研究了两种抗生素,氨苄青霉素(ampicillin,Amp)和新霉素(neomycin,Nm)对A.tamarense C101细胞生长、形态以及毒素含量的影响.结果表明:和空白对照组相比,经1 500μg/mL Nm...     

兽药抗生素对生态环境的混合毒性研究进展

抗生素是环境中普遍存在的污染物,畜牧水产养殖是其主要来源之一.环境中可能同时存在多种抗生素残留,因此单一药物的毒性评价难以反映抗生素对生态环境的影响,应探究其混合物的毒性效应.本文在总结大量文献的基础上,介绍了兽用抗生素的残留现状,总结了兽用抗生素对生态环境的混合毒性研究进展,讨论了兽用抗生素残留对土壤生物和水生生物的...     

氯化消毒过程对抗生素的降解行为及其毒性效应的影响研究进展

抗生素的大量使用导致其通过各种途径进入到污水处理厂、地表水甚至饮用水源水中.在污水处理厂二级出水排放之前以及自来水的生产和供应过程中,都必须进行氯化消毒处理以杀灭病原微生物.在此过程中,抗生素一方面可能被氯化降解,另一方面也可能转化成毒性更高的降解产物.因此,了解抗生素在氯化消毒过程中的降解行为对于明确其生态和健康风险...