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排序方式: 共有263条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
此文介绍了一个用于数值模拟过程的二维图形界面,它由两大部分组成:“MANU”实现计算结果的手工操作显示及编辑,“AUTO”用于数值计算过程的自动跟踪.文中详细介绍了系统的设计方法、结构、工作原理和主要功能. 相似文献
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免疫传感器用于环境中痕量有害物质检测的研究进展 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
随着免疫测定技术与传感技术的发展,人们开发了以固定化的抗体(抗原)为识别元件,基于特异性的免疫反应原理的免疫传感器.该传感器灵敏度高、选择性好,可实现对农药分子、工业有机污染物、重金属、生物毒素等有害物质的实时、在体、在线测定,在环境污染监测中具有巨大的应用前景.本文对免疫传感器的原理、制备、分类作了简要介绍,综述了近年来用于痕量有害物质检测的免疫传感器在固定化方法和传感技术等方面的最新研究成果,并探讨了免疫传感器在环境监测中的应用和发展方向. 相似文献
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Leaf accumulation of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Quercus ilex L 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
De Nicola F Maisto G Prati MV Alfani A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):376-383
Quercus ilex L. leaves were collected four times in one year at six urban sites and one remote area in order to determine trace element and PAH accumulation through concomitant analyses of unwashed and water-washed leaves. Both unwashed and washed leaves showed the highest amounts of trace elements and PAHs in the urban area. Unwashed leaves showed greater differences between urban and remote areas and among the urban sites than washed leaves for trace element and PAH concentrations. Water-washing resulted in a significant (P<0.001) decrease in leaf concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, V and Zn. By contrast, Cd and total PAH concentrations showed no differences between unwashed and washed leaves. 相似文献
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Assessment of sediment contamination in Casco Bay, Maine, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The current status of contaminant concentrations in Casco Bay, decadal trends of these contaminants and changes in their geographical distribution are assessed using sediment samples collected approximately 10 years apart. In general, regulated contaminants appeared to be decreasing in concentration. Total PAH and dioxins/furans concentrations did not significantly change over this period. Total organochlorine pesticides, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDD, total DDT, PCB, tributyltin and total butyltin decreased in concentration. Trace element concentrations in sediments decreased at the majority of the sampling sites for chromium, nickel, and selenium while arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, silver, and zinc remained relatively constant. None of the contaminants measured has increased by more than a factor of 2. Selected sites located in the Inner Bay, where concentrations are higher and new inputs were more likely, showed increased concentrations of contaminants. Most contaminants were not found at concentrations expected to adversely affect sediment biota based on ERL/ERM guidelines. 相似文献
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Singh S Sharma DK Dhar S Kumar A Kumar A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):301-309
Two measurement campaigns were conducted in two sampling sites, An Thinh and Duy Minh, in northern Vietnam during the months
of November–December 2000 and November 2001–February 2002 in order to investigate the extend of the particulate air pollution
from the Pha Lai coal fired power plant. Fine particle samples were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry
and soot samples were analyzed by reflectometer. The result showed that high concentration of soot and elements mostly coincided
with the air masses originating from the power plant. Sea spray aerosol was found to be the major source of chlorine at both
sites. Ratios of specific elements and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that coal combustion was the main contributor
to the air pollution at both sites. PCA also indicated that there were other sources responsible for the elements emission,
probably the influence of long distance transport and Asian Brown Cloud. 相似文献
7.
Johannes Kobler Walter J. Fitz Michael Mirtl 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):849-854
Anthropogenic trace element emissions have declined. However, top soils all over the world remain enriched in trace elements. We investigated Pb and Cd migration in forest soils of a remote monitoring site in the Austrian limestone Alps between 1992 and 2004. Large spatial variability masked temporal changes in the mineral soil of Lithic Leptosols (Skeltic), whereas a significant reduction of Pb concentrations in their forest floors occurred. Reductions of concentrations in the less heterogeneous Cambisols (Chromic) were significant. In contrast, virtually no migration of Pb and Cd were found in Stagnosols due to their impeded drainage. Very low element concentrations (<1 μg l−1) in field-collected soil solutions using tension lysimeters (0.2 μm nylon filters) imply that migration largely occurred by preferential flow as particulate-bound species during intensive rainfall events. Our results indicate that the extent of Pb and Cd migration in soils is largely influenced by soil type. 相似文献
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Mobility of radium and trace metals in sediments of the Winterbeek: Application of sequential extraction and DGT techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For several decades, phosphate ores containing 226Ra as well as several trace metals have been processed in Belgium to produce calcium phosphate for use in cattle food. The waste water is discharged in two small rivers, the Laak and the Winterbeek.In this study, the levels of 226Ra and trace metals in surface water and sediments of the Winterbeek were investigated and the mobility of these compounds was assessed using DGT (Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films) and sequential extraction techniques.The concentrations of 226Ra and trace metals in water and sediment indicate a decreasing trend in inputs to the Winterbeek.The mobility of 226Ra, assessed by DGT, is related to the reductive mobilization of Fe. The sequential extraction technique shows that at some stations an important fraction of 226Ra is found to labile sediment phases.Diffusive 226Ra sediment fluxes, are however, relatively small and have only a minor contribution to the water column concentration of 226Ra. 相似文献
9.
Concentration of trace elements in feathers of three Antarctic penguins: Geographical and interspecific differences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silvia JerezMiguel Motas María José PalaciosFrancisco Valera José Javier Cuervo Andrés Barbosa 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2412-2419
Antarctica is often considered as one of the last pristine regions, but it could be affected by pollution at global and local scale. Concentrations of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd and Pb were determinated by ICP-MS in feathers (n = 207 individuals) of gentoo, chinstrap and Adélie penguin collected in 8 locations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula (2006-2007). The highest levels of several elements were found in samples from King George Island (8.08, 20.29 and 1.76 μg g−1 dw for Cr, Cu and Pb, respectively) and Deception Island (203.13, 3.26 and 164.26 μg g−1 dw for Al, Mn and Fe, respectively), where probably human activities and large-scale transport of pollutants contribute to increase metal levels. Concentrations of Cr, Mn, Cu, Se or Pb, which are similar to others found in different regions of the world, show that some areas in Antarctica are not utterly pristine. 相似文献
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