Feasibility of honeycomb monolith supported sugar catalyst to produce biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)

Carbon coated monolith was prepared by sucrose solution 65 wt.% via dip-coating method. Sulfonation of incomplete carbonized carbon coated monolith was carried out in order to synthesize solid acid catalyst. The textural structure characteristics of the solid acid catalyst demonstrated a low surface area and pore volume. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a by-product of palm oil refineries, was utilized as oil source in biodiesel production. The esterification reaction subjected to different reaction conditions was performed by using the sulfonated carbon coated monolith as heterogeneous catalyst. The sulfonation process had been performed by using vapour of concentrated H₂SO₄ that was much easier and efficient than liquid phase sulfonation. Total acidity value of carbon coated monolith was measured for unsulfonated sample (0.5 mmol/g) and sulfonated sample (4.2 mmol/g). The effect of methanol/oil ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time were examined. The maximum methyl ester content was 89% at the optimum condition, i.e. methanol/oil molar ratio (15:1), catalyst amount (2.5 wt.% with respect to PFAD), reaction time (240 min) and temperature 80 °C. The sugar catalyst supported on the honeycomb monolith showed comparable reactivity compared with the sugar catalyst powder. However, the catalyst reusability studies showed decrease in FFA% conversion from 95.3% to 68.8% after four cycles as well as the total acidity of catalyst dropped from the value 4.2 to 3.1 mmol/g during these cycles. This might be likely due to the leaching out of SO₃H group from the sulfonated carbon coated monolith surface. The leaching of active species reached a plateau state after fourth cycle.     

井下光谱多参数分析系统开发

本系统基于气体浓度光学分析方法理论朗伯-比尔(Lambert-Beer)定律、光谱气体检测技术开发,实现了对煤矿火灾与瓦斯灾害超前预警、灾害产生的有毒有害气体实时监测和煤矿环境气体爆炸危险性辨识,对于煤矿灾害防治、救灾过程中杜绝次生灾害,保障煤矿工人及救护队员的生命安全,促进煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。     

某铀矿工人头发中总α,总β,铀,钍放射性水平的调查

本文对某铀矿职业工人和非职业工人头发中的总β、总α放射性水平和铀、钍含量进行了分析测定.结果表明,该矿工人体内铀和钍的蓄积量均在正常放射性本底水平范围内,从头发中检验未观察到工人体内铀、钍放射性水平有明显的升高.     

Kinetics of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of humic acid using B_2O_3·TiO_2/Ti photoelectrode

IntroductionEightypercentoforganicsubstancesinthesourcewaterisfromcrudehumicacidthatisacrudeorganiccompoundcreatedbyrottinganddecomposinginnaturalcycle ,thehighercontentofhumicacidis ,theworsequalityofthewateris,notonlycanitcausechrominance,offensiveodor,…     

冶金矿山清洁生产审计

通过对姑山矿生产现状的调查研究，确定审计重点为选矿车间，分析了选矿车间存在的问题，提出了清洁生产方案，对方案实施后的经济效益作了分析。     

石油亚砜萃取巯基醋酸的研究

对石油亚砜(PSO)萃取巯基醋酸的条件和影响进行了实验研究,确定了石油亚砜通过氢键和巯基醋酸形成的萃合物的组成.为从废水中回收巯基醋酸以及石油硫醚的综合利用提供了依据.     

H酸综合废水治理工艺试验研究及工程应用

针对H酸母液及T酸一次洗水高含盐量有机废水进行系统的实验研究，结果表明：废水经冷却、结晶、过滤后，用铁屑过滤，石灰乳、PAM处理．使废水COD去除率为50％，脱色率为7O％，BOD／CODcr提高到0．2以上，预期COD去除率达60％以上，BOD去除率达85％以上，NH3—N去除率达80％以上．     

A novel technology for quick acclimation of an anaerobic microbial consortia used for biodegrading teraphthalic acid (TA)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｅｒａｐｈｔｈａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＴＡ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｐｏｌｙｅｓｔｅｒｆｉｂｅｒ,ｖｉｄｅｏｆｉｌｍｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｂｉｓ (2 ｅｔｈｙｌｈｅｘｙｌ)ｐｈｔｈａｌａｔｅ ,ｄｉｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｔｈａｌａｔｅａｎｄｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｔｈａｌａｔｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄａｓｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙｈａｚａｒｄｏｕｓｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｂｙＥＰＡｏｆｔｈｅ…     

UASB-BIOFOR滤池组合工艺处理柠檬酸废水的中试研究

采用UASB-BIOFOR滤池组合工艺处理柠檬酸废水,对其中的操作步骤及注意事项进行了详细介绍.实验结果表明,该组合工艺对柠檬酸废水处理效果良好,系统出水能够达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准.     

共振腔消声器在煤矿风井噪声治理中的应用

对煤矿风井噪声产生的机理与特性进行了分析，提出了用共振腔消声器治理风井噪声的新方法，详细阐述了该方法所依据的理论基础，并以应用实例加以说明。