石英羟基水-分子水的分馏系数与常规混合水δD分析的关系

采集了 4个不同地区花岗岩石英、热液脉石英 ,分析其中包裹体分子水与结构羟基水的含量、包裹体分子水的δDinclusion、结构羟基水的δDOH,计算了结构羟基水 包裹体分子水之间的D/H分馏系数αOH inclusion。考查了混合水 (结构羟基水 +包裹体分子水 )δDwhole water与单独包裹体水δDinclusion之间的差别 ,分析了这种差别与分馏系数αOH inclusion的关系。结果表明 :花岗岩样品中两种水之间的分馏系数小 ,分馏程度大 ,在常规分析中 ,若采用测定混合水δDwhole water值代表实际流体 (包裹体水 )δDinclusion值时 ,二者间有较大的差异。热液石英脉样品总体来说分馏系数接近于 1,分馏程度小 ,常规分析中引起的二者之间差异小。常规的分析方法用于分馏程度小的热液脉石英是可行的 ,但进行花岗岩石英水的氢同位素分析时有必要区分出包裹体水与羟基水。     

NATURAL EROSION RATES AND THEIR PREDICTION IN THE IDAHO BATHOLITH1

ABSTRACT: Natural rates of surface erosion on forested granitic soils in central Idaho were measured in 40 m² bordered erosion plots over a period of four years. In addition, we measured a variety of site variables, soil properties, and summer rainstorm intensities in order to relate erosion rates to site attributes. Median winter erosion rates are approximately twice summer period rates, however mean summer rates are nearly twice winter rates because of infrequent high erosion caused by summer rainstorms. Regression equation models and regression tree models were constructed to explore relationships between erosion and factors that control erosion rates. Ground cover is the single factor that has the greatest influence on erosion rates during both summer and winter periods. Rainstorm intensity (erosivity index) strongly influences summer erosion rates, even on soils with high ground cover percentages. Few summer storms were of sufficient duration and intensity to cause rilling on the plots, and the data set was too small to elucidate differences in rill vs. interrill erosion. The regression tree models are relatively less biased than the regression equations developed, and explained 70 and 84 percent of the variability in summer and winter erosion rates, respectively.     

AN INEXPENSIVE WEIR AND PROPORTIONAL SAMPLER FOR MINIATURE WATERSHED ECOSYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT A weir system with a proportional sampler for use on miniature watershed ecosystems is described. Eight weir collection systems were evaluated for their ability to measure and sample inputs and outputs of soil-island ecosystems which occur on granite outcrops. The proportion of water actually collected by the weir systems was generally less than the proportion the systems were designed to sample, but adequate for supplying data needed for estimating elemental budgets. The weir systems were not able to account for 25 to 50 percent of the variation in total water passing over the cutoff wall. Several ways of improving overall performance of the weir systems are discussed.     

Uranium and other trace elements’ distribution in Korean granite: implications for the influence of iron oxides on uranium migration

To understand trace radionuclide (uranium) migration occurring in rocks, a granitic batholith located at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) site was selected and investigated. The rock samples obtained from this site were examined using mineralogical methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The changes in the distribution pattern of uranium (U) and small amounts of trace elements, and the mineralogical textures affected by weathering, were examined. Based on the element distribution analyses, it was found that Fe²⁺ released from fresh biotite is oxidized in short geological time, forming amorphous iron oxides, such as ferrihydrite, around silicate minerals. In that case, the amorphous ferrihydrite does not show distinct adsorption for U. However, as it gradually crystallizes to goethite or hematite, the most U-rich phases were found to be associated with the secondary iron oxides having granular forms. This evidence suggests that the geological subsurface environment is favorable for the crystallized iron oxides to keep their structures more stable for a long time as compared with the amorphous phases. There is a possibility that the long residence of U which is in contact with the stable crystalline phases of iron may finally lead to the partial sequestration of U in their structure. Consequently, it seems that Fe-oxide crystallization can be a dominating mechanism for U uptake and controls long-term U transport in granites with low U contents.     

北武夷铜钹山花岗质火山-侵入杂岩岩石地球化学

北武夷东部山前铜钹山出露一套花岗质火山－侵入杂岩，具高硅、富碱、过铝、铁镁含量低及富Rb、Th、Ce、LREE，贫Nb、Hf、Yb、Y，δEu变化较大等特点。区内花岗岩类与酸性中酸性火山岩在时间、空间和成岩物质来源具一致性，主要形成于晚燕山造山后期构造回返的类裂谷拉张环境中。该套杂岩是由于壳幔作用促使钙碱性岩浆活动的残留源区再次部分熔融，并有幔源物质混入其中，产生高钾钙碱性和橄榄安粗质花岗岩浆结晶分异形成。     

闽西南花岗质岩浆作用与成矿

重点讨论了闽西南地区花岗岩类的同位素年龄和演化，将其划分为五期七个阶段，初步确定各阶段花岗岩类的岩石系列和组合及其与区域构造演化的关系。讨论了推覆构造与岩浆作用的关系，并认为与本区成矿作用有关的岩浆岩主要为两类花岗质岩石。研究区良好的矿源层和有利的赋矿层位以及海西期以来幔源岩浆的多次活动，使研究区成为十分有远景的成矿集中区。     

Fluoride in groundwater in selected villages in Eritrea (North East Africa)

A study was undertaken to estimate fluoride content in thegroundwater in certain parts of rural Eritrea, North-East Africa,along the River Anseba. Standard procedure was adopted for fluoride detection. Results indicate elevated concentration offluoride in groundwater. The highest concentration was found tobe 3.73 mg L^-1, well above the safety level for consumption.Geological basis for the high concentration of high fluoride hasbeen established; it is presumed to be the pegmatite intrusion hosted by a granitic batholith. Extensive dental fluorosis has been observed in the population exposed to drinking water of highfluoride content.     

南大别山超高压岩区变质作用的P-T-t研究-兼论花岗片麻岩与超高压变质岩的关系

南大别山超高压变质杂岩与花岗片麻岩具有不同的变质矿物组合和结构特征,显示它们之间变质作用条件和过程可能存在着差异.超高压榴辉岩峰期变质的温度为754～866℃,压力大于2.7Gpa,退变到榴闪岩和角闪岩的温、压条件分别为0.55～0.69 Gpa和470～570℃.花岗片麻岩中所见到的最高变质作用为角闪岩相,变质的温、压条件分别为450～515℃和0.60～0.75Gpa.花岗片麻岩的变质条件与超高压榴辉岩的退变质条件类似,说明它们之间至少在抬升到约20～25km深的地壳层位后具有共同的抬升和冷却历史.花岗(片麻)岩在超高压环境下处于一种亚稳定状态,尚未来得及发生超高压变质作用就已折返到地壳层位.     

大别山北部花岗质片麻岩锆石Pb-Pb年龄

大别造山带北部出露大量的花岗质片麻岩,大致可以划分两类:一类为石英闪长质→石英二长闪长质→石英二长质片麻岩;另一类为花岗闪长质→二长花岗质片麻岩。本文对其两类岩石选择有代表性的样品进行单颗粒锆石Pb-Pb年龄测定,分别获得595±27Ma(石英二长质片麻岩)和289±16Ma(二长花岗质片麻岩)年龄数据,这为进一步探讨大别山构造岩浆作用性质提供了依据,为揭示大别山晚古生代构造岩浆作用提供了线索。     

辽宁阜新—锦州地区花岗杂岩特征及成因

通过详细的区域地质研究 ,将阜新地区划分为两个大的构造岩浆带和两个稳定构造区 ,并依据地质、地球化学特征和年代学资料 ,把发育于不同构造单元中的花岗杂岩区分为新太古代TTG杂岩、印支期二长花岗质杂岩和燕山期花岗杂岩 ,同时还讨论了不同时代花岗杂岩的成因。