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1.
中国灾害的军事救援及其机制研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
中国是一个灾害频繁的国家。灾害造成了巨大的直接、间接经济损失和人员伤亡,对社会经济发展产生了严重的影响。中国的具体国情和人民解放军的特殊性质,决定了军事救援历来在中国的灾害救援中具有不可替代的地位,发挥着突击队和生力军的作用。由于客观上存在着一些制约因素,使得军事救援的实施效率受到了一定程度的影响,未能得到最大限度的发挥。因此,必须尽快建立适应新时期军队执行抢险救灾任务需要的军事救援机制。 相似文献
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军用防腐涂料涂装的发展探讨 总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2
对国内外武器装备腐蚀控制的基本现状进行分析。论述了防腐涂料涂装技术在装备腐蚀控制中的重要作用。通过对美军腐蚀控制策略和在研军用防护涂层项目的分析.提出了军用防腐涂料涂装技术的发展方向。根据我国目前军用防护涂层的发展状况,提出我国发展军用防腐涂料涂装技术建议。 相似文献
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北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间分布特征及变化规律 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
近年来,随着雾霾事件的频发,人们逐渐提高了对雾霾的关注度,PM2.5作为其首要污染物对大气能见度及人体健康造成了严重影响.因此,本文利用2015年北京12个环境监测站点的PM2.5、PM10、NO2、SO2、CO和O3的浓度数据和气象数据,综合研究了北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间变化特征及分布规律.同时,利用空间差异率(COD)统计方法评估了不同地区细颗粒物浓度的差异程度,并结合2015年2次特殊事件(春节和阅兵),对大气污染特征及其与排放源控制的关系进行了深入对比分析.结果发现,重污染天气集中发生在秋冬季,且污染程度高、持续时间长.城区PM2.5浓度比郊区高约12 μg·m-3.东城区与对照区差异最大,COD值为0.24;东城区与西城区差异最小,COD值为0.05.春、夏、秋季颗粒物PM2.5、PM10浓度日变化较为平稳,在中午有所升高,冬季颗粒物质量浓度明显呈现出夜间高于日间的污染模式.近3年PM2.5与PM10保持显著的相关性,但PM2.5/PM10比值呈降低趋势.阅兵期间采取的空气质量管控措施和气象要素共同作用导致PM2.5浓度下降约72%,市中心的首要污染物为NO2,郊区首要污染物为O3和PM10.春节期间烟花燃放对PM2.5的瞬时贡献量很大,对比春节假期和非假期2个阶段的大气污染特征发现,人口和机动车减少及餐馆暂停营业并没有使北京局地空气质量得到明显改善.该研究结果提示在进行PM2.5控制的同时也要对O3浓度有所关注,同时也进一步支撑了北京空气质量改善需要京津冀协同控制这一重要结论. 相似文献
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Carbonnier G 《Disasters》2006,30(4):402-416
The tendency today to privatise many activities hitherto considered the exclusive preserve of the state has given rise to sharp debate. The specific nature of humanitarian emergencies elucidates in particularly stark contrast some of the main challenges connected to the privatisation and outsourcing of essential public services, such as the provision of drinking water and health care. Privatising the realms of defence and security, which are at the very core of state prerogative, raises several legal and humanitarian concerns. This article focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved in armed conflicts, especially those of private companies engaged in security, intelligence and interrogation work, and in the provision of water supply and health services. It highlights the need for humanitarian and development actors to grasp better the potential risks and opportunities related to privatisation and outsourcing with a view to supplying effective protection and assistance to communities affected by war. 相似文献
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Weissman F 《Disasters》2004,28(2):205-215
Although the war in Liberia in July 2003 claimed hundreds of lives, the international community was reluctant to intervene. In this article, the author debates the question: does international military intervention equal protection of populations? The role of humanitarian organisations in military intervention is considered. Aid organisations cannot call for deployment of a protection force without renouncing their autonomy or appealing to references outside their own practices. Such organisations provide victims with vital assistance and contribute to ensuring that their fate becomes a stake in political debate by exposing the violence that engulfs them, without substituting their own voices for those of the victims. The political content of humanitarian action is also outlined and military intervention in the context of genocide is discussed. The author concludes that the latter is one of the rare situations in which humanitarian actors can consider calling for an armed intervention without renouncing their own logic. 相似文献
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Integrated disaster relief logistics: a stepping stone towards viable civil–military networks? 下载免费PDF全文
The twenty‐first century has seen a significant rise in all forms of disasters and this has resulted in military and humanitarian organisations becoming more frequently engaged in the provision of support to those affected. Achieving an efficient and effective logistic preparation and response is one of the key elements in mitigating the impact of such events, but the establishment of mechanisms to deliver an appropriately integrated civil–military approach remains elusive. Not least because of the high percentage of assistance budgets spent on logistics, this area is considered to represent fertile ground for developing improved processes and understanding. In practice, the demands placed on civilian and military logisticians are broadly similar, as is the solution space. Speaking a common language and using common concepts, it is argued, therefore, that the logistic profession should be in the vanguard of the development of an improved civil–military interface. 相似文献
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Behind humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts are governance networks of actors working together to facilitate, coordinate, and deliver joint aid and response initiatives. Militaries are key stakeholders in these networks because of their unique capabilities, particularly in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the role of military governance networks in shaping HADR affairs. It presents a framework for examining military-to-military relational structures in humanitarian and disaster contexts using network theory and social network analysis. It also assesses the nature of military ties and their influence on two capability areas essential to humanitarian activities in the region: (i) the distribution of military assets and equipment used in HADR; and (ii) the coordination of HADR exercises and training. This paper seeks to provide insights into how governance network features and properties affect the capacity of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) militaries to use available resources efficiently and to achieve shared objectives in regional disaster response. 相似文献
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