Development and evaluation of RAMP I – a practitioner’s tool for screening of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling

RAMP I is a screening tool developed to support practitioners in screening for work-related musculoskeletal disorder risk factors related to manual handling. RAMP I, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research-based studies combined with expert group judgments. More than 80 practitioners participated in the development of RAMP I. The tool consists of dichotomous assessment items grouped into seven categories. Acceptable reliability was found for a majority of the assessment items for 15 practitioners who were given 1?h of training. The usability evaluation points to RAMP I being usable for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors, i.e., usable for assessing risks, being usable as a decision base, having clear results and that the time needed for an assessment is acceptable. It is concluded that RAMP I is a usable tool for practitioners.     

Review: recent advances in biogas purifying technologies

Biomethane production through biogas upgrading is a promising renewable energy for some industries which could be part of the equilibrium needed with fossil fuels consumption to achieve a sustainable society. This paper presents a comprehensive list of biogas upgrading technologies focused on carbon dioxide removal as well as recent advances reported by researcher with wide expertise in this topic. Additionally, an extensive costs–performance comparison among the technologies studied is discussed. Among the different alternatives, chemical scrubbing stood out to achieve high biomethane purities while cryogenic technologies proved to be effective against methane losses. Regarding the different costs, water scrubbing and membrane separation seem to be the most affordable techniques.     

矿物材料吸附去除污水中磷的试验研究

采用粉煤灰、高岭土、泥渣(取电厂澄清池排泥作脱水干燥处理)作为吸附剂深度处理污水中的磷,对比分析了3种吸附剂的吸附速度、吸附性能及除磷效果。结果表明:粉煤灰和高岭土用时20 min完成对磷的有效吸附,沉降泥渣用时5 min即可实现同等吸附效果;沉降泥渣对污水中磷的吸附能力较好,投加量为0.2 g/L的泥渣对磷的去除率可达98.1%,而投加量为0.2 g/L粉煤灰或高岭土对磷的去除率仅达到77.2%。     

提升汇流环湿热环境适应性方法研究

目的提高汇流环在湿热环境下的适应能力。方法实物解剖,观察汇流环绝缘材料损坏情况、碳粉堆积情况,在不同温度、湿度下测试绝缘材料绝缘度、抗电强度,碳粉堆积和导电情况,比对不同绝缘材料性能,并找出最适合的绝缘材料,比对滚动汇流环、碳刷组件、刷丝组件,找到解决碳粉堆积的方法。结果汇流环受湿热影响会从接缝处和电缆连接处进入湿气,温度、湿度的上升会使得原绝缘材料性能下降,长时间使用汇流环,碳粉会在汇流环内堆积并受到湿热的影响而导电,局部密封汇流环可以减少湿气进入。PPO材料性能优异,可以替换原绝缘材料从而减少湿热的影响,使用刷丝组件替代碳刷可以避免碳粉的产生。结论综合运用局部密封、绝缘材料改进、碳刷组件改进三种措施,可以有效提高汇流环在湿热环境下的适应能力。     

螯合树脂在线富集——火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中微量Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd

对螯合树脂在线富集，火焰原子吸收光度法进行了条件试验。试验证实方法对Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ４个元素检出浓度可达μｇ／Ｌ级，校准曲线性、样品重现性及准确度可满足测定要求。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼内脏及河流底泥中的铜

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定鱼内脏及河流底泥中的铜。鱼内脏经组织捣碎机捣成匀浆后，加硝酸消解；底泥则经氢氟酸和高氯酸消化。该方法具有灵敏度高，精密度和回收率较好等特点。     

Comparison of Two Manual Methods of Nitrogen Dioxide Determination in Ambient Air

Sodium arsenite (modified Jacobs and Hochheiser method; hereafter referred as SA), the most widely used manual monitoring method for determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in ambient air, particularly in developing countries has been evaluated and compared with US EPA recommended equivalent method of TGS-ANSA (hereafter referred as ANSA). NO₂ concentrations generated from laboratory test atmosphere were analyzed by these two methods and were compared statistically. Laboratory evaluations showed that SA method has high sensitivity to different sampling conditions, which normally vary during actual field monitoring. Hence, correction factors for absorption efficiency were estimated for SA and ANSA methods. Absorption efficiency of NO₂ in SA method was found to be much lower (64%) as against the reported value of 82% at the method recommended sampling conditions, whereas for ANSA method, it was found 1.0 as against the reported value of 0.93. After applying derived correction factors, both the methods produced almost similar concentration values of NO₂.     

过硫酸钾氧化-紫外光度法测定总氮方法的改进

过硫酸钾氧化紫外光度法测定总氮的空白吸光度高的主要原因是：K2S2O3是220nm波长上有特征吸收，适当降低K2S2O3、NaOH的用量，延长消解时间，使用二次蒸馏水，用低浓度亚砷酸钠溶液，还原消解后剩余的极少量的K2S2O3，可以降低空白吸光度。K2S2O3-NaOH碱溶液不稳定，使用期短，三天后氧化能力迅速降低，原因是：K2S2O3溶液中，加入NaOH，加速了K2S2O3的分解。K2S2O3和NaOH分别配制，并在K2S2O3溶液中，加入少量HCl，抑制其水解。两种溶液可使用半年以上时间。     

恶臭污染防治技术及工程实践

目前，恶臭污染对人类生活的危害日益加剧，文中介绍了几种恶臭污染物的防治技术。对生物滴滤池 活性炭吸附工艺进行了探讨，工程实例表明具有良好的治理效果。     

在磁场中活性炭吸附有机物的研究

将磁化技术引入吸附过程中，考察了磁场处理对活性炭吸附苯、硝基苯、苯甲酸、氯苯和苯酚的影响．结果表明，预磁处理能使非极性物质苯和极性较小的氯苯、苯酚在活性炭上的吸附容量减小，而使极性较大的苯甲酸和有NO2基团的硝基苯的吸附容量增大．增大磁场强度能加强苯和苯甲酸的磁处理效果。