双桥山群的沉积环境和变形历史再探讨--以大背坞地区为例

在对大背坞地区双桥山群变质岩中“斑点构造”研究的基础上发现了同生碎屑-一种发育于沉积岩中反映动荡沉积环境的典型沉积构造，为进一步证实双桥山群属于半深海-深海的浊流相沉积环境特点提供重要依据，通过详细的构造变形分析，确认双桥山群主要经历了区域紧闭褶皱和韧性剪切两期构造变形，运用平衡剖面方法和应变测量估算双桥山群褶皱变形的地壳缩短量为71.6%，双桥山群地层层内压扁变形压缩率为23.1%～45.3%，在对大背钨韧性剪切带进行系统研究后，建立了一套浅变质碎屑中进变质韧性剪切带的识别标志，进而对该区韧性剪切带进行 划分和厘定，同时依据韧性剪切带中同生碎屑和同构造变斑晶的应变测量结果（Kxz值），估算出大背坞韧性剪切带剪应变（γ）为1.01～2.13、最大剪位移量为0.6～0.8km。结合区域构造演化分析，认为双桥山群褶皱变形形成于晋宁期，韧性剪切变形发生于燕山期，前者是扬子地块基底岩系形成时期，后者是鹅湖花岗岩侵位和隆升过程中引发的花岗岩外围地区变质岩的以垂向剪切运动为特征的韧性剪切变形作用。     

东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析

研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响，将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性，本文作者以我国东北过伐林区3种典型天然林类型为对象，采用典型相关分析方法，研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子。结果表明：影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率，树种多样性和林分密度；灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为68.32%,仍有31.68%的变异不能得到解释。     

青海湖东北岸天然草地CO2 通量变化特征

采用涡度相关法对青海湖东北岸地区草甸化草原生态系统的CO₂ 通量进行了观测,结果表明： 在生长季节(5~9 月),就日变化,08:00~19:00 为CO₂ 净吸收,20:00~07:00 为CO₂ 净排放,CO₂ 通量 净吸收峰值一般出现在12:00 时,7 月份12:00 时CO₂ 净吸收峰值为1.41 g·(m2·h)^-1;就月变化,7 月 是生长季CO₂ 净吸收最高月份,月CO₂ 净吸收量达到162.70 g·m^-2,整个生长季CO₂ 净吸收的总量达 468.07 g·m^-2。非生长季节(1~4 月及10~12 月),CO₂ 通量日变化振幅极小,最大CO₂ 净排放通量出现 在3 月,为0.29 g·(m2·h)^-1,除12 月和1 月各时段CO₂ 通量接近于零,其余月份各时段CO₂ 净排放在 0.02~0.29 g·(m2·h)^-1;3 月是全年CO₂ 净排放的最高月份,全月CO₂ 净排放量为72.33 g·m^-2,整个非生 长季CO₂ 净排放为319.78 g·m^-2。结果表明,无放牧条件下青海湖东北岸地区草甸化草原,全年CO₂ 净吸收量达148.30 g·m^-2,是显著的CO₂ 汇。     

东北玉米热量指数预测方法研究(Ⅲ)——GM(1,1)预测方法

GM(1,1)是开展时间序列环境要素变化趋势预测的有效方法之一。通过对东北地区玉米热量指数的分析,建立了热量指数时间变化趋势的GM(1,1)预测模型,各模型的平均预测精度虽低于逐步回归统计模型,但也都达91%以上,可以应用该模型的预测结果指导农业生产。     

东北三省能源消费碳排放测度及影响因素

将扩展的Kaya恒等式与对数平均迪氏指数（LMDI）分解法相结合,以2005~2016年东北三省主要能源消费数据为研究对象,构建优化的碳排放分解模型,测度并分解其碳排放与碳排放强度.通过与中国同期能源消费碳排放的定量对比分析,考察各产业（部门）能源结构效应、能源强度效应、产业结构效应、经济产出效应和人口规模效应对东北三省能源消费碳排放的影响.结果显示：2005~2016年,东北三省碳排放总量占中国碳排放总量的8.84%,碳排放强度普遍高于中国碳排放强度.经济产出效应和人口规模效应对东北三省碳排放增长起拉动作用,其中经济产出效应贡献最大为188%,经济发展和城市化进程的加速不利于碳排放的降低.产业能源强度效应、能源结构效应及产业结构效应对东北三省碳排放增长起抑制作用,能源强度效应的抑制作用最大为59%,产业能源强度的调整空间较大.降低能源消耗强度,调整产业内部结构,完善经济政策体制是今后促进东北三省低碳经济发展的重要手段.     

A SYSTEMS STUDY OF FUTURE GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT COSTS IN THE CHICAGO REGION1

The cost of developing groundwater resources in northeastern Illinois from 198cL2020 is estimated for the purpose of providing a basis for comparing alternative sources. Demands for each township in the study area are estimated at 10-year increments and are satisfied, where the supply is sufficient, in such a way as to minimize the cost subject to constraints on supply. Sources of water are two shallow aquifers with known potential yields and a series of deep aquifers treated as a single unit and modeled on a digital computer. For each township the costs of wells, pumps, power and rehabilitation is estimated for each aquifer on a per million gallons of water per day basis. In addition the cost of groundwater treatment necessary to raise the quality to that of treated Lake Michigan water is considered. Raw water costs are found to vary from 2 to 14 cents per 1000 gallons depending upon the depth to the deep aquifer water. Treated water costs vary from 22 to 53 cents per 1000 gallons, the lower costs applying to the largest users because of the economy of scale. It is found that with proper distribution of pumpage there is sufficient water in storage in the deep aquifers to meet groundwater demands through 2020.     

Spatial Variability of Soil Organic Carbon in Relation to Environmental Factors of a Typical Small Watershed in the Black Soil Region, Northeast China

A total of 292 soil samples were taken from surface soil (0–20 cm) of a typical small watershed–Tongshuang in the black soil region of Heilongjiang province, northeast China in June 2005 for examining the concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC). Spatial variability of SOC in relation to topography and land use was evaluated using classical statistics, geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) analyses. The objective of this study was to provide a scientific basis for land management targeting at improving soil quality in this region. Classical statistical analysis results indicated that the variability of SOC was moderate (C _V = 0.30). Slope position and land use types were discriminating factors for its spatial variability. Geostatistics analyses showed that SOC had a strong spatial autocorrelation, which was mainly induced by structural factors. Mean concentration of SOC in surface soil was 2.27% in this watershed, which was a very low level in the northern black soil region of northeast China. In this small watershed, present soil and water conservation measures played an important role in controlling soil loss. But SOC's restoration was unsatisfactory. Nearly three-quarters of the area had worrisome productivity. How to improve SOC concentration targeting at soil fertility is a pressing need in the future.     

东北玉米热量指数预测方法研究(Ⅰ)——热量指数与玉米产量

利用东北地区典型站点1961-2005年气象资料和东北3省1961-2005年玉米产量资料,计算分析了东北不同地区玉米热量指数的变化趋势以及与产量的关系。结果表明：受气候变暖的影响,辽宁省热量指数出现下降的趋势,而吉林省和黑龙江省的热量指数出现显著升高的趋势,气候变暖对吉林省和黑龙江省玉米生产有有利的影响。热量指数较好地反映了玉米产量与环境温度的相关关系。因此,可通过对玉米热量指数的预测进行农作物低温冷害预测,为农业生产防灾减灾提供决策依据。     

滇东北乐红铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿远景

乐红铅锌矿自20世纪50年代以来就有多家地勘单位先后进行过普查找矿,均以"层控"观点为指导没有进展而中途下马,90年代后期,云南第一地质大队以"构控"新思路开展新一轮找矿,获得突破性进展。在研究区域成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及控矿地质因素的基础上,认为矿床为受断裂构造控制的热液充填交代型铅锌(银)矿床,并根据控矿断裂特征及成矿地质条件,指出乐红矿区及外围具有形成大型矿床的找矿远景,应该加强该区的地质找矿工作。     

赣东北地区浅变质岩岩石地层单位划分及沉积构造背景分析

赣东北地区浅变质岩地层非常发育，构造十分复杂，“九五”期间在此区开展1：5万区域地质调查发现：大致以景德镇-鹅湖断裂以南，塔前-赋春断裂以北，浅变质岩以一套碎屑岩为主夹菱铁矿、碳酸盐和火山碎屑沉积；塔前-赋春断裂以南，香屯-太白寺断裂以北变质岩主要以火山碎屑岩为主夹中基性熔岩、碎屑岩沉积。根据沉积构造环境分析，前者为正常海相沉积，后者为裂谷环境沉积，分别代表两个不同时期，不同构造环境沉积的产物。