哈尔滨市秸秆焚烧大气污染负荷估算方法研究

本文针对近些年哈尔滨秋末冬初大气污染程度增加的溯源问题,基于静风污染气象及降雪对秸秆焚烧的影响等基本假设,采用箱式模型和优化拟合的方法对秸秆焚烧产生污染物的源强及其负荷进行了估算.通过对2015年和2017年典型时段数据的优化拟合得到降雪前重污染天气下PM₁₀排放源强分别为20.16、21.83 μg·m^-2·s^-1,CO的排放源强分别为149.32、138.65 mg·m^-2·s^-1;降雪后重污染天气下PM₁₀排放源强分别为15.98、7.09 μg·m^-2·s^-1,CO的排放源强分别为122.91、89.21 mg·m^-2·s^-1.由降雪前后各污染物的源强差得到2015年和2017年秸秆焚烧产生的PM₁₀的排放源强分别为4.18、14.74 μg·m^-2·s^-1,负荷分别为20.73%、67.52%;CO的排放源强分别为26.41、49.44 mg·m^-2·s^-1,负荷分别为17.69%、35.66%.本文为相关清单的研究提供了一种客观的校核方法,具有重要的社会、环境及现实意义.     

Study on mechanics and domino effect of large-scale goaf cave-in

A large area of continuous solid shallow-buried goaf group created by open-stope method, under the influence of space-time effects exerted by slow creep of the pillar-roof system, will wholly collapse driven by partly instability of pillar and roof collapse until the whole mine collapses, showing a domino effect. The dynamic process is ignored in the traditional analysis of mechanical stability. Based on analysis for the domino effect and disaster-relief mechanism in the mining goaf, the mechanical method combined with Voronoi graph method has been adopted to establish the dynamic analysis on the pillar-roof system stability. It seems more in line with the actual situations, and can help to more accurately predict the time and location of disaster. The conclusion is of great value on study of rock mechanics and mining companies’ safety production.     

简单多边形的三角化算法

提出了一种针对简单多边形的快速三角化算法。该算法利用了多边形的方向性,计算出了多边形每个顶点凹凸性。根据多边形的凹点和凸点的特性,将多边形逐步分割成一系列不可再分割的三角形,实现了多边形的三角化。     

多参数澴东湖多边形生态安全状态判别研究

基于对澴东湖流域水文、生态环境的长期调查和多边形生态安全状态判别方法,选取社会经济与生态环境的6个层面22个影响因子,构建了澴东湖多边形指数生态安全判别体系,进行了非模糊数矩阵和多边形指数生态安全计算分析与判别.结果表明,多边形指数在0.422 0～0.439 6,澴东湖A的生态系统处于临界安全状态.同时,多边形指数生态安全判别方法可以较好地描述澴东湖A的生态安全状态.     

泰森多边形在环境空气监测网络布设中的应用

泰森多边形是由荷兰气候学家A．H．Thiessen提出的一种由点到面的内插方法，最初应用在气象观测中，近年来该方法在环境监测中得到了应用。本文介绍了泰森多边形的原理、算法以及其在环境空气监测网络布设中的应用。     

基于改进多边形面积法的城市土地立体化利用潜力评价——以深圳市为例

土地立体化利用潜力评价对于引导土地科学管理与城市可持续发展具有重要意义。论文采用改进多边形面积法,构建基于社会经济现状、土地利用现状、综合发展机会和生态环境约束4个维度要素的土地立体化利用潜力评价指数,并以深圳市为示范区进行验证。结果表明：改进多边形面积法能较好地反映各个维度要素的不完全替代关系并突出多种要素的协同作用效果;结合区域差异以权重矩阵代替单一权重系数,能更有针对性地评价土地立体化利用潜力;深圳市土地立体化利用潜力由南向北、由西向东递减,高潜力区域面积占全市建成区面积的26.46%,且呈现整体分散、局部集聚的特征;识别中心城区和前海-后海片区为极高潜力区域,与深圳市实际发展情况基本一致。     

MODELING URBAN NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION WITH A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: A geographic information system (GIS) was a useful aid in the assessment of urban nonpoint source pollution and the development of a pollution control strategy. The GIS was used for data integration and display, and to provide data for a nonpoint source model. An empirical nonpoint source loading model driven by land use was used to estimate pollutant loadings of priority pollutants. Pollutant loadings were estimated at fine spatial resolution and aggregated to storm sewer drainage basins (sewersheds). Eleven sewersheds were generated from digital versions of sewer maps. The pollutant loadings of individual land use polygons, derived as the units of analysis from street blocks, were aggregated to get total pollutant loadings within each sewershed. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. Pollutant loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical sewershed were estimated to develop a mitigation strategy. Two approaches based on the installation of wet ponds were investigated - a regional approach using one large wet pond at the major sewer outfall and a multisite approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction. Cost analyses showed that the regional approach would be more cost effective, though it would provide less pollution control.     

江苏省经济的可持续发展评价

提出了基于生态环境绩效和社会效益的经济可持续发展的定义,并引入多边形综合指标法,根据经济发展、资源能源消耗、生态环境压力、社会效益4个方面对江苏省1990～2003年经济可持续发展状态进行了定量评价和分析.结果表明,江苏省经济可持续发展综合指数从1990年的0.123上升到2003年的0.521.经济可持续发展的协调性在1990～1996年逐年增强,但在1996年后有所下降.综合指数(D)与经济发展(EDI)、资源能源消耗(RCI)、生态环境压力(EPI)、社会效益(SBI)4个分指数之间的关系可以用线性方程D=0.152EDI+0.308RCI+0.453EPI+0.502SBI-0.458表征.今后决策中,要把经济发展的社会效益放在首要关注位置,特别关注发展过程中的公平性问题.     

Preparation and Validation of Gridded Emission Inventory of Criteria Air Pollutants and Identification of Emission Hotspots for Megacity Delhi

Delhi is one of the many megacities struggling with punishing levels of pollution from industrial, residential, and transportation sources. Over the years, pollution abatement in Delhi has become an important constituent of state policies. In the past one decade a lot of policies and regulations have been implemented which have had a noticeable effect on pollution levels. In this context, air quality models provide a powerful tool to study the impact of development plans on the expected air pollution levels and thus aid the regulating and planning authorities in decision-making process. In air quality modeling, emissions in the modeling domain at regular interval are one of the most important inputs. From the annual emission data of over a decade (1990–2000), emission inventory is prepared for the megacity Delhi. Four criteria pollutants namely, CO, SO₂, PM, and NO _x are considered and a gridded emission inventory over Delhi has been prepared taking into account land use pattern, population density, traffic density, industrial areas, etc. A top down approach is used for this purpose. Emission isopleths are drawn and annual emission patterns are discussed mainly for the years 1990, 1996 and 2000. Primary and secondary areas of emission hotspots are identified and emission variations discussed during the study period. Validation of estimated values is desired from the available data. There is a direct relationship of pollution levels and emission strength in a given area. Hence, an attempt has been made to validate the emission inventory for all criteria pollutants by analyzing emissions in various sampling zones with the ambient pollution levels. For validation purpose, the geographical region encompassing the study area (Delhi) has been divided into seven emission zones as per the air quality monitoring stations using Voronoi polygon concept. Dispersion modeling is also used for continuous elevated sources to have the contributing emissions at the ground level to facilitate validation. A good correlation between emission estimates and concentration has been found. Correlation coefficient of 0.82, 0.77, 0.58 and 0.68 for CO, SO₂, PM and NO _x respectively shows a reasonably satisfactory performance of the present estimates.     

基于泰森多边形的事故多发点识别方法*

为解决传统的热点分析方法无法识别相对独立的事故多发点,且识别结果受极值影响较大的问题,提出1种基于泰森多边形的事故多发点识别方法,基于2018年江苏省盐城市交通事故数据,用泰森多边形划分空间统计单元,依据单元面积和其内部事故数量的比值识别事故多发点,补充相对独立的事故多发区域,并用缓冲区修正多边形的形状。研究结果表明:此方法识别结果能有效避免极值的影响,能更准确地识别出事故多发点,更有效地为道路交通安全管理提供依据。