内电解法处理糠醛废水的工程应用研究

糠醛废水COD浓度高,色度高,其中含有大量的醋酸,pH值在2～3左右,直接生化难度很大。利用内电解处理可以有效地提高废水的可生化性。试验结果表明,进水ρ(CODCr)为12000mg·L-1的糠醛废水,经内电解法预处理后,CODCr去除率也可达到30%左右,可生化性大大提高,为后续的生化处理奠定了基础。     

浅议吉林省《糠醛工业污染物控制要求》

文章从战略的高度出发,为吉林省《糠醛工业污染物控制要求》中水污染物排放要求的进一步完善提出合理化建议。作者认为,排放标准的更新,水质监测项目的添加,以及对相关储水设施提出具体的技术要求,是促进糠醛工业持续、稳定、健康发展,推进环境污染防治工作的关键。     

SBR工艺处理糠醛废水研究

将糠醛厂塔底废水与其他生产废水混合,利用SBR工艺进行处理,研究了运行工况、污泥负荷和进水pH等对处理效果的影响.结果表明,反应操作灵活;适宜运行参数为pH 6～8,进水10 min,搅拌100 min,曝气120 min,沉淀120 min,出水10min;当进水COD≤950 mg/L,日污泥负荷MCOD/MMLSS=0.346时,出水COD＜100 mg/L.     

废弃酸碱精制实现变压器油清洁生产

利用糠醛精制代替酸碱精制实现变压器油清洁生产，每年减少废渣排放5454t，减少加工损失5454t，取得了良好的环保效益和经济效益。     

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of an olive stone based biorefinery

Olive tree cultivation is spreading worldwide as a consequence of beneficial effects of olive oil consumption. Olive oil production process and table olive industries are the major sources of olive stones. Currently, this by-product is used in direct combustion to produce energy as electricity or heat. However, there are other possibilities for taking full advantage of a renewable source of interesting compounds. In this work the techno-economic and environmental assessment of two biorefinery schemes and its comparison with the direct combustion (base case) of this residue are presented. The first biorefinery scheme describes the integrated production of xylitol, furfural, ethanol and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The second biorefinery scheme considers the production of xylitol, furfural, ethanol and PHB integrated to a cogeneration system for producing bioenergy from the solid residues resulting from the mentioned processes. The results showed that in the first biorefinery scheme, the net profit margin is approximately 53%, while the second present a net profit margin of 6%.     

气相色谱法分析环境空气中糠醛

采用活性炭采样管吸附环境空气中的糠醛,以CS2解析,用Rtx-WAX毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,气相色谱仪测定。方法最低检出质量浓度糠醛0.006mg/m3,加标回收率在90%以上,方法安全,简单灵敏,分离度好,检出限低。     

GC/MS测定环境空气中的糠醛

本文采用活性炭管对糠醛厂厂界空气中糠醛进行吸附,选用适当的有机溶剂进行解吸,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)方法对空气中糠醛进行定性、定量分析。此方法适用于环境空气中糠醛的测定。     

Screening and identification of cellulose degrading bacterium Bacillus siamensis BREC-11 with tolerance to furfural北大核心CSCD

Furfural is a toxic metabolic inhibitor that is created during the conversion of lignocellulose to produce fuel, which can retard fermentation and increase production costs. thus, it is important for lignocellulosic conversion that the ability of the strain to resist furfural stress be improved. A cellulose-degrading bacterium BREC-11 with tolerance to furfural was isolated from the intestinal tract of Omphisa fuscidentalis hampson larvae via the addition of furfural in the medium. Based on analyses of morphological observations, physiological and biochemical characterizations, and 16S rDNA sequences, strain BREC-11 was shown to represent a member of the genus Bacillus and was named B. siamensis BREC-11. to study the tolerance concentration of strain BREC-11, a wide range of furfural formaldehyde concentrations were tested and strain BREC-11 was shown to grow in the mineral medium containing furfural up to 3.5 g/L. Cellulase activity of strain BREC-11 was determined at the tolerable concentration of 3.5 g/L furfural after incubation at 30 ℃ and 150 r/min for 2 days. Results indicated that filter paper enzyme, CMC-Na enzyme, and β-glucosidase activity was 0.1 U/mL, 0.21 U/mL, and 0.07 U/mL, respectively. BREC-11 is a cellulose-degrading bacterium with resistance to furfural, which has potential application in future bio-refinery processes. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Quantitative determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor dust using gas chromatography-UV spectrometry

A novel technique, gas chromatography-UV spectrometry (GC-UV), was used to quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in settled dust from 389 residences in Sweden. The dust samples were thermally desorbed in an inert atmosphere and evaporated compounds were concentrated by solid phase micro extraction and separated by capillary GC. Eluting compounds were then detected, identified, and quantified using a diode array UV spectrophotometer. Altogether, 28 compounds were quantified in each sample; 24 of these were found in more than 50% of the samples. The compounds found in highest concentrations were saturated aldehydes (C5-C10), furfuryl alcohol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 2-furaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. Alkenals were also found, notably 2-butenal (crotonaldehyde), 2-methyl-propenal (methacrolein), hexenal, heptenal, octenal, and nonenal. The concentrations of each of the 28 compounds ranged between two to three orders of magnitude, or even more. These results demonstrate the presence of a number of VOCs in indoor dust, and provide, for the first time, a quantitative determination of these compounds in a larger number of dust samples from residents. The findings also illustrate the potential use of GC-UV for analysing volatile compounds in indoor dust, some of which are potential irritants (to the skin, eyes or respiratory system) if present at higher concentrations. The potential use of GC-UV for improving survey and control of the human exposure to particle-bound irritants and other chemicals is inferred.     

稻草制取糠醛联产高效复合肥工艺研究

研究了以稻草为原料，用改良硫酸法制取糠醛联产复合肥的工艺条件。结果表明，用20%硫酸（液固质量比为2.5:1），加入复合添加剂（1）（主要成分为磷酸钙、磷酸、重钙、亚硫酸氢钠等）或（Ⅱ）（主要成分为磷酸、重钙等）添加比例为15%～30%(占原料质量分数）、常压、100℃蒸馏2h，出醛率达理论出醛率的70%～80%，废渣全部变为中性复合肥料。