排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Review on the annual PM10 concentrations over a 10-year period shows that Macau is subjected to severe fine particulate pollution. Investigations of its variation in monthly and daily time scales with the local meteorological records reveal further details. It is found that a distinct feature of the Asian monsoon climates, the changes of wind direction, mainly controls the general trend of PM10 concentration in a year. The monsoon driven winter north-easterly winds bring upon Macau dry and particle enriched air masses leading to a higher concentration in that period while the summer south-westerly winds transport humid and cleaner air to the region leading to a lower PM10 value. This distinct seasonal feature is further enhanced by the lower rainfall volume and frequency as well as mixing height in winter and their higher counterparts in summer. It is also found that the development of tropical cyclones near Macau could also impose episode like PM10 concentration spikes due to the pre-typhoon induced stagnant air motion followed by the swing of wind direction to the northerly. 相似文献
2.
澳门半岛近岸海域水质时空变异分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用聚类分析和判别分析技术对澳门半岛近岸海域22个监测点2000~2005年期间的监测数据进行水质时空分析,旨在识别澳门半岛近岸海域水质时空变化特征,从而为澳门半岛水质监测网络的优化和近岸海域水质的控制提供支持.监测点位取样时间聚类结果可分为6~9月和1~5月、10~12月2组,与传统的4~9月和10~3月的丰、枯水期划分存在差异;按采样点位的空间聚类结果显示,第1组的监测站点都位于西侧,第2组的监测站点都位于东侧和南侧.通过后退式判别分析,表征空间差异性的显著性指标为pH、氯化物、TSS、颜色;表征时间差异性的显著指标为总磷、氯化物、颜色、氨氮、溶解氧、化学需氧量.空间与时间差异性判别的正确率分别达到84.82%和76.57%,显示后退式判别分析具有较好的指标降维能力和判别能力. 相似文献
3.
Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95 days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79 days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential. 相似文献
4.
Simon Marsden 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2011,31(6):593-601
China's EIA Law does not require transboundary proposals to be assessed, despite recognition of this globally, for example in the Espoo Convention and Kiev Protocol, and in the European EIA and SEA Directives. In a transboundary context assessment within a state is unusual, as regulating these effects is primarily about the relationship between states. However where a state has more than one legal system such as in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region of southern China, transboundary effects should also be addressed. Yet despite the geographical connections between Guangdong Province in mainland China (where the EIA Law applies) and the Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions (which have their own provisions, neither of which requires transboundary assessments), EIA and SEA are carried out separately. Coordinated or joint approaches to transboundary assessment are generally absent, with the legal autonomy of Hong Kong and Macau a major constraint. As a result institutional responses at the policy level have developed. The article considers global experiences with regulating transboundary EIA and SEA, and analyses potential application to land use, transport and air and water planning in the PRD Region. If applied, benefits may include prevention or mitigation of cumulative effects, broader public participation, and improvements to environmental governance. The PRD Region experience may encourage China to conduct and coordinate EIA and SEA processes with neighbouring states, which has been non-existent or extremely limited to date. 相似文献
5.
城市绿地降雨径流污染特征对比研究:以澳门与厦门为例 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
在澳门与厦门分别选一分流制管道类型的绿地小流域开展降雨径流监测,以研究城市绿地降雨径流污染特征.结果表明,两城市绿地小流域降雨径流的主要污染物为COD、TP、NO_3~--N,其EMC平均值分别为165.77~60.48 mg/L、 0.96~0.44 mg/L和7.16~1.18 mg/L;两城市绿地的COD、TP、NO_3~--N污染负荷平均值分别为6.53~0.63 kg/hm~2、 0.037 5~0.0047 kg/hm~2 和0.012 2~0.012 8 kg/hm~2;绿地降雨径流污染物浓度峰值出现时间早于径流量峰值;城市绿地降雨径流初始冲刷效应不明显,厦门绿地小流域降雨径流COD、TSS、TP及NO_3~--N的FF_(30)分别为36.26%、 26.13%、 28.13% 和39.03%.基于多元回归分析结果表明,总降雨量和总径流量是影响绿地降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应的主要因素. 相似文献
6.
澳门屋面径流特征初步研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
在澳门半岛选取4个屋面汇水区,进行降雨屋面径流水样的收集与水质分析,监测项目包括:pH、浊度、TN、CODCr、TOC、Zn、Pb、Cu、Fe.研究结果表明,生锈铁皮屋的屋面径流水样中Zn平均浓度值超出国家地表水V类标准的2倍以上,TN和CODCr也超出地表水V类标准.屋面材料对屋面径流输出影响显著.从3场降雨事件不同屋面材料的径流水质参数的平均浓度值看,Zn和Pb的浓度排序:铁皮屋面(严重锈蚀)>铁皮屋面(轻度锈蚀)>铁皮屋(新油漆)>混凝土.Pb浓度排序:铁皮屋面(严重锈蚀)>铁皮屋面(轻度锈蚀)>铁皮屋(新油漆)>混凝土.而其它水质参数,如CODCr、TOC、TN,铁皮屋面的浓度值均大于混凝土.屋面径流排污规律和污染物浓度输出具有不确定性,且受降雨干期长度和降雨强度等因素的综合影响. 相似文献
7.
Urban water resources have been facing significant pressure from population growth, urbanization, and climate change. A system dynamics urban water management model was proposed to simulate the dynamic interactions between urban water demands and society, economy, climate, and water conservation. The residents'' water conservation willingness was incorporated in the model and water-saving effects were quantified. The simulation results for Macau showed that population size was the main driving force for urban water demand. The change of temperature and precipitation has obvious effects on the landscape water demand. The water demand output is sensitive to the change in population, per capita demand, and temperature. Increased precipitation will reduce urban water demand and increased economic growth will increase water demand. By implementing integrated water conservation measures and improved water conservation willingness, water demand could be reduced by 17.5%. 相似文献
8.
珠江澳门水域水柱多环芳烃初步研究 总被引:20,自引:4,他引:20
对采自澳门水域水柱不同深度水样溶解相及颗粒相(悬浮颗粒物)中的多环芳烃进行了定量分析。初步结果显示:多环芳烃质量浓度(溶解相和颗粒相)为1854 4~8733 4ng L,其中溶解相多环芳烃质量浓度为892~7944 5ng L,颗粒相为339 4~969 5ng L,16种优控多环芳烃的质量浓度为940~6654ng L;悬浮颗粒物中污染物的质量浓度自水柱表层至底部逐步减小,多环芳烃在颗粒相和溶解相中的分配系数(lgKp)也自上至下呈递减趋势,说明颗粒物主要是以沉降作用和水平迁移过程为主;水柱下层样品中多环芳烃的lgKp值异常升高,与水柱下层水体的悬浮物质量浓度较高以及盐水入侵(盐水楔)作用有关。 相似文献
9.
基于Landsat TM的澳门城市热场影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用2004年10月19日Landsat TM数据提取澳门城区城市用地类型信息,反演城市地表温度,在此基础上通过主成分回归方法分析澳门城市热场的影响因素.结果表明,澳门城市热场受到硬化地表指数的影响较大,其次为植被比例.地表温度与硬化地表指数、道路密度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与归一化植被指数、植被比例及水体比例呈显著负相关(P<0.05). 相似文献
10.
对澳门半岛孙逸仙大马路两场降雨时段的地表径流进行采样监测,项目包括浊度、CODCr、Pb、Zn、Cu.结果表明,初期径流水质中浊度和CODCr极高,但随着降雨冲刷强度的增大,SS和Pb的监测浓度增加.路面径流水质参数随降雨径流历时变化的过程曲线,很大程度上取决于降雨特征、路面车流量和路面垃圾清扫状况.2场降雨路面径流初始冲刷现象定量分析结果正好相反,反映了路面径流特征的不确定性和复杂性,因此,需对路面径流冲刷、累积过程的影响因素进行综合考虑. 相似文献