垃圾填埋场污泥坑原位修复工程实践

垃圾填埋场内污泥坑的存在严重影响填埋场竖向扩建和填埋堆高。对某垃圾填埋场内污泥坑进行现场勘察取样、原位测试与室内实验,获得污泥的分层及沿深度变化的物理、力学特性,并针对不同分层的污泥,提出表层垃圾清除、污水抽排、泥水混合污泥土工管袋脱水、流塑、软塑污泥原位固化综合处理方法。对污泥坑抽排污水过程中垃圾堆体边坡进行渗流稳定分析,发现渗滤液水位快速下降将导致污泥坑垃圾边坡滑移失稳,在污泥坑治理过程中应采取相应措施。根据污泥坑上覆80~120 m垃圾堆体沿原位固化污泥滑移稳定分析,获得污泥坑原位固化处理强度指标,不排水抗剪强度Cu为40 kPa。     

环保疏浚联合土工管袋工艺在重金属污染底泥处理中的应用

利用环保疏浚联合土工管袋脱水减容工艺治理某重金属污染河道底泥,考察了该工艺对底泥重金属污染治理的工程应用效果。该工程实施的内容包括：环保疏浚工程、土工管袋脱水工程、底泥加药系统设计实施及尾水处理工程设计实施。结果表明：经过上述联合工艺处理后,底泥的污泥比阻可下降至少80%;硫酰胺类共聚物(ES)稳定剂对重金属Cr和Hg的稳定化率可分别控制在80%~93%和60%~73%。工程实施效果表明,该工艺可实现河道底泥的有效治理,可为该技术在重金属污染底泥处理中的规模化应用提供参考。     

雨水斗截污装置对屋面初期雨水净化规律及关键参数设计

在西安市某文教区屋面排水立管设径流采样点,雨期采用人工时间间隔采样法采集径流水样,对2016年8月—2016年11月3场屋面径流SS、COD、TN、NH₃-N、TP、浊度、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、Cr等污染指标进行监测,界定了初期雨水的概念并根据屋面初期雨水水质、水量特征、雨水斗构造设计屋面雨水截污装置,研究了该截污装置的透水性能、工作状态、截污效果和清洗更换周期。结果表明：将暴雨次降雨前30~40 min、大雨和小雨次降雨前40~50 min雨水定义为初期雨水;土工布单位面积质量越大,透水能力越小,且其过滤通量与过滤水头呈线性关系;在不发生溢流的情况下,500 g·m⁻²的土工布制成的截污装置过滤出水可满足《生活杂用水水质标准》(GB/T 18920-2002)要求;为避免5年一遇的暴雨下屋面积水,截污装置上部溢流孔孔口面积至少应为0.015 4 m²,须至少保证有效过滤区高度为568 mm。研究为缓解西安等干旱、半干旱地区用水紧张问题提供参考。     

Biogeocomposite material and its heavy metal adsorption potential from aqueous solutions

Biosorption process is emerging as a potential alternative for the heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. A packed bed column containing biomaterials like papaya leaf powder and paddy straw powder was used for copper removal from aqueous solutions. The breakthrough curve was having an S-shaped profile and the breakthrough time became less with increase in initial concentration. Percentage removal of copper was around 85% and 77% for papaya leaf powder and paddy straw powder, respectively for a contact time of 120 minutes and initial concentration of 10 mg/L. A biogeocomposite material was developed to test the enhancement in adsorption using layers of non-woven geotextile material and a significant increase in adsorption was obtained. With the addition of geotextile material in between papaya powder layer and paddy straw powder, there was an average increase of 12.66% and 11.98%, respectively for the removal. A biocomposite material was developed with a mixture of the two biosorbents and the adsorption value of the biocomposite material was in between the two biosorbents. The applicability of Yoon Nelson model and Adam Bohart model were also evaluated and the most suitable model came out to be Yoon and Nelson model.     

焚烧炉渣填埋对填埋场土工膜结垢的影响

我国垃圾焚烧快速发展,其中炉渣作为主要焚烧副产物产量巨大,目前仍以进入生活垃圾填埋场进行填埋处置为主。为探究炉渣加入对填埋场土工膜结垢性质的影响,设置对照组A（新鲜渗滤液）、实验组B（渗滤液通过炉渣）、空白组C（超纯水）3组实验。结果表明,B组结垢现象比A组更明显,C组未出现结垢现象。炉渣的加入导致渗滤液中含钙量由2 407 mg·L-1提升到5 701 mg·L-1,第20天时,新鲜渗滤液中土工膜增加质量为0.02 g·cm-2,而炉渣渗滤液中土工膜增加质量达到0.05 g·cm-2。钙离子与填埋气中二氧化碳接触,加速了土工膜结垢现象的产生。同时,二氧化碳消耗量结果表明炉渣与生活垃圾混填导致土工膜结垢反应速率先加快后减慢。结果表明,炉渣进入填埋场加剧了填埋场土工膜堵塞的风险。     

Jute bioblanket as a soil rehabilitation strategy in Sorocaba,Brazil: Soil chemistry and SWOT approaches

Soil erosion and the invasion of exotic plant species are major constraints to achieve sustainable development around the world. Currently, we find few products devoted concomitantly to combatting soil erosion as well as the establishment of unwanted exotic plants. In this paper, we introduce a new product, called herein a bioblanket, that protects the soil and impedes the establishment of exotic plant species. This product is of simple design, and to manufacture it, we use two biodegradable materials: jute tissue and grass wastes. We designed this product to combat soil erosion and the germination and establishment of new, unwanted, invasive plant species. In this paper, we describe our evaluation of how successful this product was in terms of improving the chemical attributes of soil. We also identified the product's potentialities and weaknesses by means of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The bioblanket ameliorated the chemical attributes of the soil, as evidenced especially by the neutralization of acidity (8.5%) and aluminum toxicity (33%), and by an increment in nutrients concentration. We argue that after adequate treatment and management, the residues of plants that are normally considered unwanted materials can be transformed into a raw material to control the propagation of unwanted plant species, and concomitantly control soil erosion while improving the chemical conditions of the soil. The improvement of the soil chemical attributes was one of the main positive effects reported through the SWOT analysis. In addition, the SWOT analysis revealed some features that need improvement in future generations of the product, but we argue that these features do not impede the benefits for the use of the product in its present form.     

氧化石墨烯抑制填埋场土工布初期生物结垢

为研究氧化石墨烯对初期填埋场土工布生物结垢的影响,采取2种不同方法改性土工布,测试了改性前后土工布的Zeta电位、接触角和抑菌性能以及模拟填埋场渗滤液的微生物群落结构,并以土工布EPS含量评估生物结垢.结果表明,改性前后土工布都具有疏水性,但表面电位存在一些差异;渗滤液微生物含有细菌Paraclostridium和古菌Methanoculleus;氧化石墨烯对渗滤液微生物表现出抑菌性,细胞死亡率比空白组更高;氧化石墨烯加入萘酚胶水进行改性明显抑制了土工布生物结垢,EPS量比空白组减少了49%.