基于地理探测器的土壤重金属影响因子分析及其污染风险评价

地理探测器能快速定量化揭示驱动重金属含量影响因素的强度,这对于重金属空间预测模型构建变量的确定和土壤污染修复措施的精准实施具有重要意义.利用地理探测器模型,对5种土壤重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的空间分布和11种环境因子的交互作用进行定量评估,通过单因子指数法进行重庆市土壤重金属污染风险评价.结果表明:研究区...     

重庆市农地非农化空间非均衡及形成机理

为探寻农地非农化水平空间非均衡及形成机理,确定影响因素对重庆市及所属不同区域农地非农化水平的决定力。研究基于交叉学科视角,利用1997—2013年重庆及所属37个区县（不含渝中区）面板数据,运用Dagum基尼系数和地理探测器模型分析重庆市农地非农化水平的空间非均衡及形成机理。结果表明：重庆市农地非农化水平的时空动态地域性差异特征明显,呈现以区域Ⅰ为中心,区域Ⅱ为中心拓展区,区域Ⅲ和Ⅳ为外围的“中心—外围”空间分异格局;重庆市农地非农化水平空间分布表现出高度非均衡特征,其空间非均衡程度在研究时段内呈现出明显的“W”型波浪变化形态,地区间差距仍是导致重庆市农地非农化水平空间非均衡形成的主因;重庆市农地非农化水平空间非均衡形成机理存在显著分区差异,农地非农化水平受控于多种复杂因素,要素禀赋、经济发展水平、社会发展状况及政策制度环境分别是影响研究区农地非农化水平空间分异的基础条件、内在动力、中坚力量和外在条件;影响不同区域农地非农化水平的主导因素具有显著差异性。综合以上结论：由于研究区农地非农化水平空间非均衡特征明显,并受多因素影响,且各因素对不同区域农地非农化水平的决定作用差异明显,所以开展不同区域农地非农化水平空间非均衡及形成机理研究对于农地非农化管控十分重要。     

原油储罐区可燃气体探测器布置优化方案研究

为有效预警原油储备区储罐气体泄漏,制定气体探测器布置优化方案,以某大型原油站库为例,基于CFD法和FLACS软件模拟原油泄漏及可燃蒸汽云溢散分布,通过分析蒸汽云扩散规律,实现全方位气体探测器优化布置.结果表明:原油储罐区探测器分别布置在区块21-2、6-1、31-1、40-2,且每个罐组总计布置16处;优化设置方案可满...     

Performance of data acceptance criteria over 50 months from an automatic real-time environmental radiation surveillance network

The automatic real-time environmental radiation surveillance network of Catalonia (Spain) comprises two subnetworks; one with 9 aerosol monitors and the other with 8 Geiger monitors together with 2 water monitors located in the Ebre river. Since September 2006, several improvements were implemented in order to get better quality and quantity of data, allowing a more accurate data analysis. However, several causes (natural causes, equipment failure, artificial external causes and incidents in nuclear power plants) may produce radiological measured values mismatched with the own station background, whether spurious without significance or true radiological values. Thus, data analysis for a 50-month period was made and allowed to establish an easily implementable statistical criterion to find those values that require special attention. This criterion proved a very useful tool for creating a properly debugged database and to give a quick response to equipment failures or possible radiological incidents. This paper presents the results obtained from the criterion application, including the figures for the expected, raw and debugged data, percentages of missing data grouped by causes and radiological measurements from the networks. Finally, based on the discussed information, recommendations for the improvement of the network are identified to obtain better radiological information and analysis capabilities.     

Assessment of indoor radiation level in the environs of the uranium deposit area of West Khasi Hills District,Meghalaya, India

An estimation of the indoor background radiation dose distribution was carried out in dwellings of eleven villages located within and around the uranium mineralization area of Kylleng-Pyndensohiong, Mawthabah in West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India. The ambient indoor gamma radiation level was monitored using Thermo Luminescence Dosimeters (TLDs) while the indoor radon and thoron concentration was measured using twin-cup dosimeters employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). Results obtained from the study reveals that the local inhabitants of villages located close to the mining site receive higher doses than those inhabitants of villages located at a much farther distance from the mining site. The average total annual effective dose was found to be varying from 1.2 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Langpa to 3.4 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Nongbah Jynrin. The data obtained will serve as a reference in documenting changes to environmental radioactivity if mining is to be carried out in the future.     

Identifying crash propensity using specific traffic speed conditions

INTRODUCTION: In spite of recent advances in traffic surveillance technology and ever-growing concern over traffic safety, there have been very few research efforts establishing links between real-time traffic flow parameters and crash occurrence. This study aims at identifying patterns in the freeway loop detector data that potentially precede traffic crashes. METHOD: The proposed solution essentially involves classification of traffic speed patterns emerging from the loop detector data. Historical crash and loop detector data from the Interstate-4 corridor in the Orlando metropolitan area were used for this study. Traffic speed data from sensors embedded in the pavement (i.e., loop detector stations) to measure characteristics of the traffic flow were collected for both crash and non-crash conditions. Bayesian classifier based methodology, probabilistic neural network (PNN), was then used to classify these data as belonging to either crashes or non-crashes. PNN is a neural network implementation of well-known Bayesian-Parzen classifier. With its superb mathematical credentials, the PNN trains much faster than multilayer feed forward networks. The inputs to final classification model, selected from various candidate models, were logarithms of the coefficient of variation in speed obtained from three stations, namely, station of the crash (i.e., station nearest to the crash location) and two stations immediately preceding it in the upstream direction (measured in 5 minute time slices of 10-15 minutes prior to the crash time). RESULTS: The results showed that at least 70% of the crashes on the evaluation dataset could be identified using the classifiers developed in this paper.     

基于地理探测器的镇域尺度土壤重金属含量空间分异及其影响因素分析

为揭示镇域尺度规模土壤重金属含量的空间分异及其影响因素,以成都平原腹心地带某镇为研究区域,采集788份表层土壤样品,利用地累积指数法对土壤Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn和Ni的污染进行评价,基于地理探测器,以土壤性质、地形和距离等15种因子为自变量,各重金属含量为因变量,探析土壤重金属含量的空间分异及其影响因素.结果表明,研究区土壤Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn含量平均值是成都市土壤背景值的1.06~1.93倍,Cd含量低于背景值;除Hg呈现轻度污染外,其余7种重金属处于清洁状态.8种重金属空间分布存在显著差异,且各重金属间存在显著相关性,并与土壤性质存在显著相关性.因子探测发现,总磷（TP）、总钾（TK）、pH、总有机碳（TOC）、高程和距铁路距离对8种重金属含量的解释力最显著.交互作用探测发现,土壤性质与其他因子交互作用是重金属空间分异的最主要影响因素,高程、距住宅区距离、距铁路距离和距工业用地距离也是重要影响因子.风险探测发现,Hg在高程和距铁路距离的子区域的差异最显著,其余7种重金属在土壤性质影响因子子区域的差异最显著.镇域尺度规模土壤重金属的空间分布差异显著,这与研究区的土壤性质、地形和人类活动密切相关.     

Clinical and analytical follow‐up of 25 persons exposed accidentally to beryllium†

An accidental exposition of 25 persons to beryllium dust was used to follow up trace analytical and clinical parameters over a period of 10 months. Although no exposed person shows any symptoms of an acute beryllium intoxication, up to 5‐fold increased beryllium concentrations could be analysed in serum samples about 10 hours after exposition. The beryllium clearance shows a biological half time in the range of 2 to 8 weeks. The beryllium determination in the nanogram range was carried out using a combined method by flameless a.a.s. with a detection limit of 0.6 ppb Be and a relative standard deviation from 20 to 4% in relation to the concentration range of beryllium measurement.

Beryllium analyses are completed by thorax X‐ray, spirometry, y‐globulins and liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT), which have shown no pathological values. Because it is known for beryllium to sensitize the cellular immune response, neopterin measurement was used to determine the activity of the immune system. Neopterin, a pteridine synthesized by activated macrophages after stimulation by gamma‐interferon derived from sensitized T‐lymphocytes, was determined in urine samples by HPLC combined with an fluorescence detector. Only in two cases a slight increase of neopterin has been found. As a result of this study it can be summarized, that a short‐time exposure to beryllium (10–20 h), which results in a increase of beryllium in serum to the fivefold normal beryllium level, does not initiate any symptoms of an acute beryllium intoxication. The exposed persons are controlled in future to evaluate the further course.     

微波检测器在交通噪声车流量监测中的应用

阐述了微波车辆检测器的基本工作原理及主要特点,选取城市主干道和一级公路对交通噪声监测中所需要的车流量数据进行仪器与人工的比对监测,结果显示,昼夜总车流量误差率在5%左右,表明该仪器适用于道路交通的车流量连续监测。     

Temperature calibration formula for activated charcoal radon collectors

Radon adsorption by activated charcoal collectors such as PicoRad radon detectors is known to be largely affected by temperature and relative humidity. Quantitative models are, however, still needed for accurate radon estimation in a variable environment. Here we introduce a temperature calibration formula based on the gas adsorption theory to evaluate the radon concentration in air from the average temperature, collection time, and liquid scintillation count rate. On the basis of calibration experiments done by using the 25 m³ radon chamber available at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan, we found that the radon adsorption efficiency may vary up to a factor of two for temperatures typical of indoor conditions. We expect our results to be useful for establishing standardized protocols for optimized radon assessment in dwellings and workplaces.