PREFERENCES FOR ALLOCATING RIVER RECREATION USE1

Allocating river recreation use to commercial and private sectors on white water rivers has been highly controversial. How this process is implemented may affect not only the availability of recreation opportunities to individual users, but may also negatively impact the user's desire to escape from the pressures and stresses of everyday life. In a study of users of Idaho's Middle Fork of the Salmon River, an Even-Pool allotment technique was preferred over others by the commercial, private, and rejectee individuals sampled. A lottery technique for rationing private use permits was preferred by private users and rejectees, while commercial users preferred Advance Reservation. No relationship was found between the users' stress release/escape expectations and their preferences for the different allotment and rationing techniques studies. Such results suggest that river managers may have considerable latitude in selecting allocation techniques that do not adversely affect on-site recreation experiences.     

极限与分配--再论环境法的本位

环境问题是人类活动及其影响超出环境承受能力的极限所造成的后果。解决环境问题最根本的办法是分配，即把有限的环境资源在人类广泛的欲求之间做“相持而长”的分配。这种资源分配不同于收益分配，它体现的基本精神是义务。把体现义务精神的分配方法引入环境立法，必然导致环境法由传统的权利本位转变为义务本位。环境法不得不采用资源分配的办法，以义务为本位，这是由环境这种特殊的物质条件所决定的。