华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩芳烃生物标志物地球化学特征──兼论饱和烃、芳烃生源组合特征

本文详细总结了华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩中芳烃生物标志物特征，主要包括菲系列、联苯系列、苯并芴系列，三芴系列、荧蒽系列、芘系列、苯并荧蒽和苯并芘系列、　系列和三芳甾烷系列，而萘系列含量较低。我们发现三芳甾烷C(28)（20S）／C(28)（20R）比值似乎显示了较好的热演化特征。     

2005年秋季长江口及其邻近水域浮游植物群集

采用Utermhl分析方法,对长江口及其邻近水域（30.5° ~ 32.5° N,121.0° ~ 123.5° E）2005年秋季浮游植物进行了分析,并对其与环境之间的关系做了进一步的探讨。结果表明：调查区初步鉴定浮游植物95种（含变种和变型）,硅藻是主要的浮游植物类群,其丰度比例达到93.1%;生态类型多为温带近岸种,少数为暖水种和大洋种;优势种主要为中肋骨条藻〖WTBX〗（Skeletonema costatum）、具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）、菱形海线藻（Thalassionema nitzschioides）和圆海链藻（Thalassiosira rotula）〖WTBZ〗;浮游植物平均丰度为2.04 cells/mL,高值出现在长江口门偏南水域;Margalef指数、Shannon Wiener指数以及Pielou指数的分布显示：秋季调查区离岸海域浮游植物多样性程度高,物种均一性好。Pearson相关分析结果显示：海水温度和硝酸盐含量是控制调查区浮游植物分布格局的主要环境因子;优势种中肋骨条藻与温度呈极显著负相关,与硝酸盐呈极显著正相关。     

伊乐藻-固定化氮循环菌技术入湖河道修复研究

从太湖金墅湾水体筛选出包括土著氨化、亚硝化、硝化和反硝化细菌的氮循环菌,固定于多孔性载体内,对伊乐藻-固定化氮循环菌联用技术在秋冬季太湖金墅湾水源地入湖河道水体生态修复效果进行了研究.经室内生态修复模拟与原位围隔实验表明,伊乐藻-固定化氮循环菌联用对水质改善效果要优于单独使用伊乐藻或固定化氮循环菌,该技术对原位入湖河道有效去除率为:总氮5.9%~61.2%,氨氮12.4~70.3%,硝氮6.1%~68.0%,COD 4.2%~78.5%;通过氮循环菌释放可明显提高水体氮循环菌数量,MPN值比对照水体高出3~4个数量级;相关性分析表明,差异性显著(P<0.01).经5个月原位围隔试验表明,伊乐藻-氮循环菌联用技术可有效降低秋冬季入湖河道营养盐负荷,有助于控制湖泊水源地富营养化.     

光照、水温和营养盐对浮游植物生长重要影响大小的顺序

根据光照、水温、营养盐对浮游植物生长影响的研究结果,综合分析光照、水温、营养盐影响浮游植物生长的变化和其集群结构的改变,探讨了上述因子影响浮游植物生长的生理特征和其集群结构的改变特点.本文阐明光照、水温和营养盐对浮游植物生长影响的机理和过程,确定了它们对浮游植物生长重要影响大小的顺序,由小到大的重要影响程度依次为:光照、水温和营养盐Si.这样,在人类的活动中,首先要考虑输入大海的营养盐Si,其次要关注海洋的水温变化,为海洋生态的持续发展做出积极的贡献.     

巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布

基于2013年4月和10月对巢湖流域66个河道样点的调查数据,初步研究了巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空变化特征。主要研究结果显示,鱼类多样性无显著性的水系间、生态分区间的变化,但随季节和河流级别显著变化:10月份的个体数显著高于4月份,2级河流的物种数和个体数均显著大于1级、3级和4级河流。鱼类群落结构的季节动态显著,随生态分区显著变化,但不受水系、河流级别的显著影响。在二级生态分区水平上,仅西南森林生态亚区的鱼类群落结构与其他5个生态亚区的显著差异;宽鳍鱲、吻虾虎鱼等在西南森林生态亚区具有更高多度,而鲫、鰐、鲤等物种在其他生态亚区多度更高。     

Termite assemblages in a West-African semi-deciduous forest and teak plantations

Responses of termite assemblages to the conversion of semi-deciduous forest into teak plantations were studied in the Lama Forest Reserve in Benin, West Africa. Four belt transect surveys were run in each of the two forest types, adopting a modified termite diversity assessment protocol. Termite assemblages were remarkably species-poor in both forest types, with only 19 species encountered altogether. The low species richness was due to the rarity of soil-feeders of the soil/humus interface and the absence of true soil-feeders in the compact vertisol soil. Species richness was significantly higher in semi-deciduous forest than in teak plantations, but termite encounters were significantly lower. Termite assemblage and feeding group structure differed significantly among forest types. Wood-feeders were recorded only in semi-deciduous forest. In contrast, fungus-growers were more species-rich and about four times more abundant in teak plantations, mainly due to one Ancistrotermes species. The humification score, which depicts the position of termite assemblages along a gradient of increasing humification of their food substrate, was significantly higher in teak plantations, due to the absence of wood-feeders and the preponderance of fungus-growers. Combined principal components and multiple regression analysis identified two significant predictors of termite assemblages, soil water content and leaf litter biomass. The abundance of fungus-growers in teak plantations seemed to be mainly related to the high leaf litter biomass. Indirect evidence also suggests that lower predation pressure by ants on termites in teak plantations may have contributed to the abundance of termites.     

长江中下游燕山期火山岩地质特征及其与成矿的关系

笔者根据长江中下游基底构造特征、火山岩时空分布及其相互关系,对该区火山岩盆地进行了重新认定,划分出三个受北东-北北东向和近东西向两组岩石圈断裂控制的断陷火山盆地.在此基础上,依据火山活动特点及其与壳断裂的关系又将其划分为若干个亚盆地.本文系统论述了各盆地的火山岩演化、岩石组合及其地球化学特征;对内生金属矿床与火山岩的关系作了探讨,认为成岩物质主要来源于上地幔,成矿作用是火山活动的一部分,成矿物质主要来源于岩浆.     

Unveiling soil degradation and desertification risk in the Mediterranean basin: a data mining analysis of the relationships between biophysical and socioeconomic factors in agro-forest landscapes

Soil degradation and desertification processes in the Mediterranean basin reflect the interplay between environmental and socioeconomic drivers. An approach to evaluate comparatively the multiple relationships between biophysical variables and socioeconomic factors is illustrated in the present study using the data collected from 586 field sites located in five Mediterranean areas (Spain, Greece, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco). A total of 47 variables were chosen to illustrate land-use, farm characteristics, population pressure, tourism development, rainfall regime, water availability, soil properties and vegetation cover, among others. A data mining approach incorporating non-parametric inference, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering was developed to identify candidate syndromes of soil degradation and desertification risk. While field sites in the same study area showed a substantial similarity, the multivariate relationship among variables diverged among study areas. Data mining techniques proved to be a practical tool to identify spatial determinants of soil degradation and desertification risk. Our findings identify the contrasting spatial patterns for biophysical and socioeconomic variables, in turn associated with different responses to land degradation.     

Combination of Biological and Habitat Indices for Assessment of Idaho Streams

States and tribes are encouraged to use multiple biological assemblages in assessment of water bodies. An assessment index for each assemblage provides information on aspects of the aquatic resource that may be unique in terms of stressor sensitivity, stressor type, or ecological scale. However, assessment results relative to impairment thresholds can disagree among indices for an individual water body, leading to uncertain overall water‐body assessments. We explored options for combining stream indices for macroinvertebrates, fish, and habitat in ways that would yield the most consistent and sensitive results relative to established disturbance categories. Methods varied in the scoring or rating scales used to standardize each index value, the thresholds used to define impairment of aquatic life uses, and the ways of synthesizing multiple indices. The index compositing method that scores each index on a continuous scale and averages the scores after standardizing had superior accuracy, sensitivity, and precision. In addition, using the 25th quantile of reference sites instead of the 10th quantile resulted in a more balanced error rate among reference and degraded site categories.     

一条正在发育的中、新生代裂谷带

沿长乐－南澳断裂带分布有非蛇绿岩型的镁铁、超镁铁质岩块；具中、新生代裂谷型岩浆组合；断裂两侧具有相似的变质岩基底及对应显著的地幔隆升地带。说明该断裂带为一条正在发育的中、新生代裂谷带。