Cladocerans under conditions of small river damming by man and beavers

In beaver ponds, the species diversity, abundance, biomass, and production of cladocerans and the amount of food consumed by them have increased and the composition of dominant species has changed as compared to those in the stretches of small rivers with running water or dammed by man. The stimulating effect of water from a beaver pond has been confirmed in laboratory experiments. The average number of juvenile Ceriodaphnia affinis produced by one female was considerably greater in this water than in the water from flowing and dammed (by man) river stretches.     

Comparative sensitivities of the tropical cladoceran,Ceriodaphnia rigaudii and the temperate species Daphnia magna to seven toxicants

The toxicities of seven chemicals [cadmium (Cd) chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium chloride (KCl), Triton X-100, zinc (Zn) chloride and copper (Cu) (II) sulfate] were determined using the tropical freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia rigaudii and the temperate species, Daphnia magna. Data generated was subsequently used to determine the relative sensitivities of both species, using interspecies correlation to compare the 48?h LC50 values for both species. The 48?h LC50 values for C. rigaudii ranged from 0.002?mg?L^?1 (potassium dichromate) to 21.1?mg?L^?1 (KCl), whereas those for D. magna ranged from 0.3?mg?L^?1 for Cu to 418.87?mg?L^?1 for KCl. The LC50 values for C. rigaudii were significantly less than that for D. magna for six of the compounds tested. The interspecies correlation also showed a low, positive correlation suggesting that the sensitivities of both species were not similar for the compounds tested. The sensitivity factors for C. rigaudii and D. magna ranged between 0.01 and 12.3. These values further suggested that for six of the compounds tested, C. rigaudii appeared to be more sensitive than D. magna. It is therefore possible that because of these differences in relative sensitivities, toxicity data generated with D. magna may not be appropriate for Trinidad.     

Negative effects of Microcystis blooms on the crustacean plankton in an enclosure experiment in the subtropical China

IntroductionCyanobacteria(i .e .Microcystis aeruginosa) blooms arefrequently associated withchanges of zooplanktoncommunity.Fewzooplanktons can use bloom-formingMicrocystisdirectlybecause of nutritional deficiencies ( Arnold, 1971 ) ,inedibility( Webster …     

Composition and Some Ecological Features of Winter Zooplankton in Deep Stratified Lakes

For the first time, zooplankton and environmental factors have been studied in winter in the deep stratified lakes Siverskoe, Borodaevskoe, and Vydogoshch. The zooplankton consists of 18–22 species of rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans, including 15–18 specifically winter, cryophilic and eurythermic forms. The populations of zooplankters reproduce actively: males and egg-bearing females (in copepods), females with embryos and eggs in brood pouches (in cladocerans), and females with attached eggs (in rotifers) are present. In lakes Siverskoe and Borodaevskoe (depth 20–24 m), where oxygen deficiency is observed only in the bottom water layer, the zooplankton populates the greater part of the water column and forms a large aggregation in the oxycline and near the bottom. The abundance of bacteria in these zones is high (up to 4–6 × 10⁶ cells/ml). In Lake Vydogoshch (depth 16 m), oxygen deficiency extends to the middle layers, and all zooplankton is distributed above the oxycline. The biomass of winter zooplankton in Lake Siverskoe in 1983 averaged 1.26 g/m³, with a maximum of 4 g/m³; in 1993, 1.4 and 8.04 g/m²; the respective values in Lake Borodaevskoe were 0.98 and 3.1 in 1983 and 0.14 and 1.6 in 1993; in Lake Vydogoshch, 0.15 and 0.24 in 1983 and 1.25 g/m³ in 1993. The development of winter zooplankton is limited by the size of the zone of oxygen deficiency and depends on the amount of food (bacterioplankton). The distribution of zooplankton in the water column and its biomass in individual layers is determined by the rate of methane formation and oxidation.__________Translated from Ekologiya, No. 3, 2005, pp. 201–214.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Rivier.     

壬基酚对浮游生物的毒性效应及其食物链传递

以蛋白核小球藻及5种枝角类（微型裸腹溞、多刺裸腹溞、盔型溞、蚤状溞、大型溞）浮游动物为研究对象,开展壬基酚（NP）对浮游生物的毒性效应,及NP在“水-蛋白核小球藻-大型溞”食物链的生物富集和生物传递能效研究.结果表明：NP对微藻的半抑制效应浓度为3.33mg/L;对5种枝角类浮游动物的48h半致死效应浓度范围介于8.67~131.79μg/L,裸腹溞属耐受性显著高于溞属.1和5μg/LNP连续暴露下,大型溞存活率显著降低,且首次繁殖时间延迟,前者仅在第8d有子代产出,而后者未观察到子代个体.微藻对培养液中0.1mg/LNP的生物富集系数（BCF）在3h时达到最大值7393.投喂NP暴露后的微藻,大型溞摄食率呈显著降低的趋势,且第3d天出现死亡现象.大型溞体内NP含量最大值为0.07mg/g,NP经蛋白核小球藻传递到大型溞的生物富集系数仅为0.097.NP的低食物链传递可能与大型溞对NP的转化、大型溞生长过程中的蜕壳以及摄食后的消化和排泄过程有关.     

Simulation of cladoceran survival strategy under conditions of food depletion

Competition between several cladoceran species has been studied with the use of simulation. The results have demonstrated that, in most cases, one or two species survive. Under conditions of the minimum food supply, the most competitive species have the selective advantage. With an increase in food supply, the survival of low-competitive species was observed more often. The mean body size of surviving species increases with an increase in food reproduction.