生活垃圾资源化有效利用性分析

本文对生活垃圾资源化处理进行分析,垃圾中重金属的存在直接影响其有效利用,不断强化人们的环保意识,将分拣垃圾落实到实际行动中,生活垃圾能够变废为宝。     

Utilitarian killing,replacement, and rights

The ethical theory underlying much of our treatment of animals in agriculture and research is the moral agency view. It is assumed that only moral agents, or persons, are worthy of maximal moral significance, and that farm and laboratory animals are not moral agents. However, this view also excludes human non-persons from the moral community. Utilitarianism, which bids us maximize the amount of good (utility) in the world, is an alternative ethical theory. Although it has many merits, including impartiality and the extension of moral concern to all sentient beings, it also appears to have many morally unacceptable implications. In particular, it appears to sanction the killing of innocents when utility would be maximized, including cases in which we would deliberately kill and replace a being, as we typically do to animals on farms and in laboratories. I consider a number of ingenious recent attempts by utilitarians to defeat the killing and replaceability arguments, including the attempt to make a place for genuine moral rights within a utilitarian framework. I conclude that utilitarians cannot escape the killing and replaceability objections. Those who reject the restrictive moral agency view and find they cannot accept utilitarianism's unsavory implications must look to a different ethical theory to guide their treatment of humans and non-humans.     

传统生存方式变迁对农村环境的影响

随着农村社会经济的发展,农户的生存方式开始逐步由传统的生存方式逐步转变为现代的生存方式。在具体的案例研究过程中,我们既可以看到传统生存方式的环境友好的一面,也可以看到传统生存方式变迁过程中农户经济行为变化对于农村环境的不利影响。与此同时,社会经济发展过程中,新的现代生产生活要素的介入,在不断使农户的生活逐步走向现代化的同时,也带来了种种环境问题。总之,农村环境问题的产生既有传统生存方式本身存在的问题,也来自于生存方式变迁过程中新的外部物质的介入,因此,对于农村环境的改善需要同时从这两方面着手,在改善农户生存方式的同时,更要从根本上控制外部的污染物质的介入。     

资源和环境的存在价值的经济学基础

资源与环境的存在价值为独立与人们对资源的现期使用的价值。在资源,环境的代际问题中,存在价值会成为重要的决策参数。本文对存在价值的同予以分陈、归纳,并以反映其特点的结构进行表述;其次对存在价值与其它类别的价值尤其是期权价值,准期作出区分。     

水资源的可持续开发与利用

水是一切生物生存环境的最重要支撑,只有可持续地开发利用水资源,才能创造一个可持续发展的社会和生存环境。针对日趋严重的淡水资源危机,本文以水资源的可持续存在为基础,从整体的角度出发,而不是就水论水,探讨了可持续开发、利用水资源的五个途径:经济向生态效益型转向、可持续开发水资源、建立水资源核算体系、建立水资源政策分析机制、人人参与水资源管理,从而实现环境完整性、经济效率和平衡三个基本目标。     

安阳市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子季节特征及来源解析

为探究安阳市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子的污染特征及其来源,于2018～2019年的典型月份在安阳市采集PM_2.5样品,使用离子色谱测试了9种水溶性离子(Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、F^-、Cl^-、NO₃^-和SO₄^2-).开展了PM_2.5和水溶性离子浓度水平的分析、阴阳离子平衡和氮氧化率(NOR)、硫氧化率(SOR)的计算、离子相关性和主成分分析等.结果表明,安阳市PM_2.5和水溶性离子年均浓度分别为(85.81±45.43)μg·m^-3和(48.21±30.04)μg·m^-3,各离子浓度高低顺序为NO₃^->SO₄...     

Examples of sustainable development efforts in Costa Rica

SUMMARY

Efforts towards sustainable development are now being undertaken at all levels and the concept has increasingly entered the consciousness of the average person. For many Costa Ricans however, it is not just an abstract concept but a matter of survival as input costs increase, natural resources diminish and the soil loses fertility or is washed away. This paper reviews three case studies representing different approaches towards achieving sustainable development by different types of organization which are each innovative in preventing further destruction of tropical forest resources.     

建设项目环境影响评价制度现状与对策探讨

建设项目环境影响评价制度是建设项目环境管理的一项基本制度,中国已经实施了30多年的建设项目环境影响评价制度,但是由于历史的、现实的原因,建设项目环境影响评价制度在实施过程中存在很多问题,导致建设项目环境影响评价制度在实施中总体效果不佳。本文剖析了中国建设项目环境影响评价制度实施效果不佳的原因并在此基础上提出提高中国建设项目环境影响评价制度实施效果的对策,以期对中国的环境保护有所裨益。     

浅析湿地教育与公众参与

湿地作为地球三大生态系统之一,因其独特的生态结构和功能受到越来越广泛的关注。加强公众的湿地教育,提高人们的湿地保护意识,让更多的人参与到湿地保护工作中来,已成为人们关注的热点。文章从中国湿地教育与公众参与的需要出发,分析了目前中国湿地教育及公众参与的现状及存在的问题,并从物质文化、制度文化、精神文化形式角度探讨了湿地教育与公众参与的实施。