Macroinvertebrate Regionalisation for use in the Management of Aquatic Ecosystems in Victoria, Australia

The development of a broader, more holistic approach to aquaticecosystem management has been called for in recent years. Physical and chemical objectives alone are no longer consideredsufficient for the protection of aquatic ecosystems and shouldbe supplemented with biological objectives. The ubiquitousand sedentary nature of macroinvertebrates, combined with theirmeasurable response to environmental conditions, favour their use as important indicators in environmental policies. To establish biological objectives, there is a need for a regionalframework to limit the variability between ecosystems. Past studies have demonstrated that an a posteriori regionalisationapproach may be more useful than an a priori approach in explaining single component (e.g. macroinvertebrates) patternsacross ecosystems. This is particularly important as aquaticresource management agencies often focus on one or twocomponents of the ecosystem to assess environmental health. This study uses an a posteriori method to delineate and describebiological regions based on edge and riffle macroinvertebrate data. The regionalisation will provide a framework for settingbiological objectives, based on the range of reference conditionsmeasured within each separate region. The objectives will includeregional checklists for taxa and biotic indices. Predictive modelling in the style of RIVPACS or AUSRIVAS will also be usedwithin each region to develop objectives, incorporating local, regional and systematic features as predictor variables.     

Derivation of Nutrient Guidelines for Streams in Victoria, Australia

Human induced increases to nutrientconcentrations in streams have led to many agenciesdeveloping strategies and criteria for nutrientreduction. National or statewide guidelines aregenerally inappropriate, due to the natural variabilityin stream ecosystems within political boundaries. Thisstudy used an extant aquatic macroinvertebrate-basedregionalisation for the state of Victoria, Australia, asthe basis for defining regions of relatively homogeneousenvironmental character. This enabled the selection ofecologically-based regional reference sites andsubsequent characterisation of the nutrient status ofthese sites. Using an extensive biological and nutrientdata base for streams across the State, we calculated50th and 75th percentile concentrations forreference sites within each region. Using thesepercentiles in conjunction with impact and recoverystudies, we defined nutrient guidelines for each region. Although the nutrient data largely supported thebiological regionalisation, patterns in the nutrient datadid require some minor modifications for the nutrientregions. Relatively unimpacted regions with referencesites in very good-to excellent-condition were assignedguidelines largely based on the 75th percentiles. The more impacted regions, where best availablereference sites were of poorer quality, were assignedguidelines based largely on the 50th percentiles. Professional judgement and known extents of impactsacross each region provided important contributions tothe decision-making process. The derived guidelineconcentrations are comparable to several cited in theliterature and are proposed for use in monitoring,assessment and restoration targets.     

The New Danish Stream Monitoring Programme (Novana) – Preparing Monitoring Activities For The Water Framework Directive Era

Denmark has a long tradition of monitoring the aquatic environment. Previous monitoring has mainly focused on loss of nutrients and subsequent impacts on the biological structure in lakes and coastal areas. However, as part of the third Action Plan for the Aquatic Environment more emphasis has been put on stream ecology. The present paper describes background, strategy and content of the new NOVANA stream programme, which will run for the period 2004–2009. The new programme will encompass more than 800 stations covering all stream types in Denmark and monitoring will include three biological quality elements (macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish) as well as physico-chemical features and hydromorphological elements. In addition, the new programme integrates monitoring of elements both in the stream itself and in the riparian zone. Compliance with important European Commission Directives such as the Water Framework Directive and the Habitat Directive is discussed.     

论滇东北山区生态环境恢复与重建

分析了滇东北山区生态环境现状,提出了生态环境恢复与重建意见。     

岩溶山区雨水资源有效利用研究——以贵州省普定县马官地下水库为例

以贵州省普定县马官地下水库为例,从区域岩溶地质概况、成库条件、库容分析和降雨量及补给量计算、工程效益等方面,对马官地下水库进行了研究,阐述了马官地下水库是岩溶山区雨水资源有效开发利用的典型,具有推广意义。     

韶石山风景区岩石中的名胜古迹

韶石古道是古代上京古道的一段。韶石山是唐宋以来的旅游胜地，岩洞、崖壁中遗留众多的名胜古迹，如岩庙、石寨、石刻石雕、岩画、岩棺墓等珍贵的历史遗迹。     

山地生态系统的脆弱性与荒漠化

荒漠化已成为全球性社会环境问题,它与脆弱的生态环境有密切关系。山地系统在景观上为农林交错带,生态系统的脆弱性表现在具有内生型脆弱性、对植被的依附性、景观过渡性以及落后的生产力等方面,荒漠化较严重。作者通过对坡面级联系统以及系统内部的反馈机制分析,讨论了山地荒漠化的运行机制,并进一步就荒漠化的防治提出几点想法。     

生物多样性保护与社区发展--以云南省南涧无量山自然保护区周边社区为例

自然要素的双重性决定了社区发展会造成生物多样性的破坏，保护生物多样性又会阻碍社区发展。以南涧无量山自然保护区周边社区为例，分析了生物多样性保护与社区发展之间的关系和矛盾，提出了缓解矛盾的建议和对策。     

山区盆地大气湍流特征与污染扩散的数值试验

运用三维非表在气动力学数值模式，模拟了稳定、中性和不稳定３种层结下山区盆地的大气湍流和污染扩散特区通过模拟认为，在山区复杂地形条件下，由风切变引起的机械湍流是湍流动运动的主要形式之一，它主受风速的影响，同时，在非中性层结下，热力湍也是充运动的主要形式之一，由于地形复杂和层荮变化，使得污染扩散与平原地区有较大差异，在稳定层结条件下可以产生高浓度的污染。     

阴山北麓丘陵区林草建设与生态恢复--以固阳县忽鸡沟乡小六分子村为例

针对阴山北麓生态环境特点和主要环境问题，以固阳县忽鸡沟乡大六分子村为基点，应用恢复生态学的基本理论和生态经济学原理，以恢复生态系统良性循环为目标，通过实施以林草建设为核心的一系列植被恢复与重建措施，使遭受破坏的生态系统逐步得到恢复并步入良性循环的轨道，为阴山北麓广大地区生态恢复探索一条切实可行的有效途径。