H∞ loop-shaping controller design for a grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic system

This paper presents a H_∞ loop-shaping controller for controlling dc-link voltage by regulating the switching signal of the inverter associated with a grid-connected single-phase photovoltaic system. To facilitate a robust control design, state-space realisation of the system model is made with uncertainties represented by linear fractional transformation. The controller is achieved through H_∞ synthesis followed by obtaining desired loop shapes through the choice of the proper weighting functions. The controller order is reduced by Henkel-norm method for facilitating its practical implementation. Controller performance is evaluated through carrying out simulations on MATLAB/Simulink platform under standard and changing atmospheric conditions, and fault condition.     

On the latent state estimation of nonlinear population dynamics using Bayesian and non-Bayesian state-space models

Nonlinear state-space models have been increasingly applied to study population dynamics and data assimilation in environmental sciences. State-space models can account for process error and measurement error simultaneously to correct for the bias in the estimates of system state and model parameters. However, few studies have compared the performance of different nonlinear state-space models for reconstructing the state of population dynamics from noisy time series. This study compared the performance of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and Bayesian nonlinear state-space models (BNSSM) through simulations. Synthetic population time series were generated using the theta logistic model with known parameters, and normally distributed process and measurement errors were introduced using the Monte Carlo simulations. At higher levels of nonlinearity, the UKF and BNSSM had lower root mean square error (RMSE) than the EKF. The BNSSM performed reliably across all levels of nonlinearity, whereas increased levels of nonlinearity resulted in higher RMSE of the EKF. The Metropolis–Hastings algorithm within the Gibbs algorithm was used to fit the theta logistic model to synthetic time series to estimate model parameters. The estimated posterior distribution of the parameter θ indicated that the 95% credible intervals included the true values of θ (=0.5 and 1.5), but did not include 1.0 and 0.0. Future studies need to incorporate the adaptive Metropolis algorithm to estimate unknown model parameters for broad applications of Bayesian nonlinear state-space models in ecological studies.     

结构抗震控制的动态仿真分析方法研究

介绍了结构抗震控制的仿真分析方法:将设置阻尼器的结构看作一受控系统,运用状态空间方法描述受控结构的运动微分方程,采用MATLAB中的SIMULINK工具箱进行动态仿真,得到整个受控结构在地震作用下的动态反应。文末给出了仿真分析算例,其分析结果表明采用SIMULINK能够有效、准确地分析设置非线性阻尼器的结构在地震作用下的动力响应。     

Use of Integrated Modeling to Enhance Estimates of Population Dynamics Obtained from Limited Data

Abstract:  Demographic data of rare and endangered species are often too sparse to estimate vital rates and population size with sufficient precision for understanding population growth and decline. Yet, the combination of different sources of demographic data into one statistical model holds promise. We applied Bayesian integrated population modeling to demographic data from a colony of the endangered greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) . Available data were the number of subadults and adults emerging from the colony roost at dusk, the number of newborns from 1991 to 2005, and recapture data of subadults and adults from 2004 and 2005. Survival rates did not differ between sexes, and demographic rates remained constant across time. The greater horseshoe bat is a long-lived species with high survival rates (first year: 0.49 [SD 0.06]; adults: 0.91 [SD 0.02]) and low fecundity (0.74 [SD 0.12]). The yearly average population growth was 4.4% (SD 0.1%) and there were 92 (SD 10) adults in the colony in year 2005. Had we analyzed each data set separately, we would not have been able to estimate fecundity, the estimates of survival would have been less precise, and the estimate of population growth biased. Our results demonstrate that integrated models are suitable for obtaining crucial demographic information from limited data.     

A state-space model approach to optimum spatial sampling design based on entropy

We consider the spatial sampling design problem for a random field X. This random field is in general assumed not to be directly observable, but sample information from a related variable Y is available. Our purpose in this paper is to present a state-space model approach to network design based on Shannon's definition of entropy, and describe its main points with regard to some of the most common practical problems in spatial sampling design. For applications, an adaptation of Ko et al.'s (1995) algorithm for maximum entropy sampling in this context is provided. We illustrate the methodology using piezometric data from the Velez aquifer (Malaga, Spain). © Rapid Science 1998     

基于状态空间法的大型气候环境实验室热负荷仿真模型

目的建立可用于大型气候环境实验室初期设计热负荷计算的方法和模型,对实验室的热负荷进行计算,为制冷系统选型提供依据。方法通过分析实验室的组成结构和热负荷来源,基于状态空间法建立各部分的热负荷计算方法,在Simulink中搭建以制冷量为输入参数的实验室热负荷计算仿真模型,对实验室空载降温过程进行仿真。结果该仿真模型可以快速对实验室热负荷进行计算,并且可以方便地增减热负荷模块,实验室在降温过程中热负荷达3500 k W以上,地板结构的热负荷占到了总热负荷50%以上。结论热负荷计算结果可应用于空调系统和制冷系统的设计和选型,以及控制策略的优化。     

The effect of glyphosate on the growth and competitive effect of perennial grass species in semi-natural grasslands

Biodiversity within European semi-natural biotopes in agro-ecosystem is declining, and herbicide drift from neighbouring fields is considered as an important factor for the decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the growth and competitive interactions in a model system of two perennial grass species, Festuca ovina and Agrostis capillaris, are affected by sub-lethal doses of glyphosate in field margins. In a glasshouse experiment with ample nitrogen, the interspecific competitive interactions were found to be significantly affected by glyphosate; the competitive effect of F. ovina on A. capillaris increased and the competitive effect of A. capillaris on F. ovina decreased with increasing doses of glyphosate. Furthermore, the importance of interspecific competition increased with the glyphosate dose. The results of the study of competitive interactions are in agreement with the observed plant community dynamics at the field site where F. ovina was found to be more dominant in plots treated with a relatively high dose of glyphosate. Importantly, the effects of glyphosate on the plant community dynamics critically depended on the effect of glyphosate on the plant competitive interactions. The study concludes that the current practice in the environmental risk assessment of non-target effects of herbicides, where single species are tested in the greenhouse, may be inadequate for assessing the effect of herbicides in semi-natural plant communities. The presented methods can be used for assessing the importance of competitive interactions for the sensitivity of non-target plants to herbicides in risk assessment.     

TMD抑制桥梁振动仿真分析

分别建立简支梁和调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的运动方程,并采用振型叠加法建立与其对应的广义坐标方程,同时结合现代控制理论,采用状态空间法建立与其对应的状态方程,运用SIMULINK仿真系统对简支梁桥进行了动力仿真分析。首先对未布置TMD的系统进行了仿真分析,并与Newmark-β法编程计算的结果对比,两种方法的计算结果十分接近,说明了SIMULINK方法的准确性;在此基础上,对布置TMD的桥梁进行了分析,通过分析TMD参数对减振效果的影响,进行了动力学解释,所得出的优化参数,可供工程控制参考。