Experience in quantitative analysis of floristic structure and diversity in Samarskaya Luka

Quantitative methods have been applied to the study of floristic structure and diversity in Samarskaya Luka. The results show that Samarskaya Luka is a floristically heterogeneous area in which six elementary floras can be distinguished. This area has been assessed as a floristically autonomous formation, and its floristic representativeness was estimated.     

雨水管道沉积物中典型无机氮的干期粒径分布

以南京江北新区分流制雨水管道沉积物为研究对象,考察不同粒径沉积物中铵态氮（NH₃-N）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）干期分布特征,分析其随干期长度的变化关系,并探讨沉积物理化性质及微生物菌群结构对NH₃-N和NO₃^--N干期分布的影响.结果表明：粒径≤0.075mm的沉积物中NH₃-N占比最高（交通区30.8%,商业区36.7%）;交通区粒径≤0.075mm的沉积物中NO₃^--N占比最高（33.0%）,而商业区粒径0.075~0.15mm沉积物中NO₃^--N占比最高（34.4%）;干期长度与交通区0.075~0.15mm粒径段的沉积物中NO₃^--N含量及商业区粒径≥0.3mm的沉积物中NH₃-N含量之间的相关性均最显著;雨水管道沉积物中NH₃-N和NO₃^--N的干期分布与O-H和N-H等官能团、表面极性和亲水性、微观形貌等有一定关联;交通区雨水管道沉积物中Gemmobacter等反硝化优势菌种（相对丰度总和为20.15%）对NO₃^--N干期分布影响更显著.     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山植物区系的一般特征及植物资源的保护与开发利用

本文根据1987—1988年两年考察的结果,初步讨论了喀喇昆仑—昆仑山地区植物区系的一般特征:1.植物种类比较贫乏高等植物仅243属约700种;2.北温带分布型属占绝对优势;3.以桑株河谷为界,昆仑山西段与东段的植物区系有很大差异;4.无严格的特有属,但种的分化强烈,种群数量大。本区由于极端干旱,自然生态系统十分脆弱,而森林和各类天然植被在维护本区自然生态系统平衡方面,起着十分重大的作用。在严格保护使森林和各类自然植被不致破坏的前提下,提出本区最有可能开发利用的植物资源是药用植物资源,除许多著名的中药外,应着重开发利用红景天属(Rhodiola)、风毛菊属(Saussurea)、葱属(Allium)的药用植物,并对当地的民族药物矮膜苞芹(Hymnolaena nana)等,进行深入研究。     

钱塘地区早石炭世地层和植物群

本文主要论述钱塘地区早石炭世地层和植物群。将早石炭世地层中产的植物化石分为三个组合:1.Lepidodendropsis hirmeri,Bothrodendron fuyangense组合.时代为晚泥盆世至早石炭世早期,笔者认为它是Lept ophloeum rhombicum Sublepi-dodendron mirabile组合与Lepidodendron gaolishanense Eolepidodeudraou spp.Sublepidodendron mirnbile组合之间一个过渡型组合。2.Anisopteris cf.transitionis- Archaeocalamites scrobieulatus组合。它与湘中测水组植物群为代表的韦宪中期Cardiopteridium spet sbergense-Triphyllopteris collombicum组合或C.spet sber-gense-Adiantitea gothanii组合对比。时代为早石炭世韦宪期或我国的大塘阶。3.Neuropteris schlehani f.rectinervis-Mariopteris acuta f.obtusa组合。它与江西梓山群佛岭组、广东测水组上段和忠信组中段的Archaeopteridium-Sphenopterisobtusiloba组合相当,时代为早石炭世韦宪晚期。     

黄荆自然保护区植物区系的初步研究

黄荆自然保护区地处四川盆地与云贵高原的过渡地带,地带性植被为亚热带偏湿性常绿阔叶林,有种子植物165科745属1521种,其中裸子植物9科19属24种,被子植物156科726属1497种.该区特殊的自然条件和复杂的地质构造,使其成为多种植物地理成分的汇集地,并成为我国乃至全世界亚热带(同纬度)地区保存较好的常绿阔叶林植被群落,具有极高的研究价值和生态价值.根据近年来的科学考察,认为黄荆自然保护区植物区系的种类丰富、珍稀特有植物较多、起源古老、区系成分复杂,显示出多方植物交汇的特点.     

Plant blindness and the implications for plant conservation

Plant conservation initiatives lag behind and receive considerably less funding than animal conservation projects. We explored a potential reason for this bias: a tendency among humans to neither notice nor value plants in the environment. Experimental research and surveys have demonstrated higher preference for, superior recall of, and better visual detection of animals compared with plants. This bias has been attributed to perceptual factors such as lack of motion by plants and the tendency of plants to visually blend together but also to cultural factors such as a greater focus on animals in formal biological education. In contrast, ethnographic research reveals that many social groups have strong bonds with plants, including nonhierarchical kinship relationships. We argue that plant blindness is common, but not inevitable. If immersed in a plant‐affiliated culture, the individual will experience language and practices that enhance capacity to detect, recall, and value plants, something less likely to occur in zoocentric societies. Therefore, conservation programs can contribute to reducing this bias. We considered strategies that might reduce this bias and encourage plant conservation behavior. Psychological research demonstrates that people are more likely to support conservation of species that have human‐like characteristics and that support for conservation can be increased by encouraging people to practice empathy and anthropomorphism of nonhuman species. We argue that support for plant conservation may be garnered through strategies that promote identification and empathy with plants.     

Specific features of phenetic structure of the terrestrial snail <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cepaea vindobonensis</Emphasis> (Pulmonata; Helicidae) in urbanized and natural populations

The phenetic structure of natural and urbanized populations of the terrestrial snail Cepaea vindobonensis has been studied with respect to polymorphism in the shell-band color and pattern. It is noted that C. vindobonensis snails populating different artificial habitats in the city of Nikolaev and its suburbs are characterized by a higher level of both intra-and interpopulation diversity with respect to the type of this polymorphism. In addition, urban populations show a very wide range of variation in the frequencies of particular morphs or their groups. Conversely, natural populations are characterized by a more uniform frequency structure with respect to polymorphism of the shell banding pattern.     

Anthropogenic Transformation of Flora in the City of Astrakhan and Its Environs over the Past 100 Years

Trends in the anthropogenic transformation of flora in the city of Astrakhan and its environs over the past 100 years are discussed. In general, the process of flora synanthropization is observed, with natural aboriginal plant communities being replaced by anthropogenically altered communities.     

Floristic contamination of suburban forests near the city of Ivanovo

In the course of floristic studies in suburban forests near the city of Ivanovo, 206 species of vascular plants have been recorded, including 39 invasive species (18.9%). Information on specific features of distribution and activity of introduced species growing feral and accidental weeds in different forest types is presented. The most aggressive species are distinguished. Factors responsible for the invasion of alien species to forest cenoses and main tendencies in their dynamics are discussed.