焦点访谈特点分析

中央电视台1994年推出的《焦点访谈》栏目开创了我国电视新闻评论发展的新路子,并很快成为受众一致认可的名牌节目。在新闻评论课教学中,分析《焦点访谈》栏目的特点,总结栏目成功经验,对于学生更好地理解电视新闻评论很有必要。     

Bringing the Heat Home: Television Spots about Local Impacts Reduce Global Warming Denialism

ABSTRACT

Efforts to educate the general public about global warming and the potential policy solutions that could mitigate its effects have relied on the diffusion of facts. But, cognitive scientists have documented that psychologically distant events like global warming elicit less concern and motivation to act relative to immediate, proximal and certain events. This paper documents a quasi-experiment that tested the effect on attitudes of a television campaign that emphasized the temporally, geographically and socially proximal impacts of global warming on the ecosystems and business activity of a historically conservative area of the United States. The campaign aired on one cable provider. Subscribers of that and of competing providers in the same zip-codes were polled after the campaign. Respondents exposed to the campaign were more likely to believe that global warming is happening, to accept the scientific consensus, to be more concerned about impacts and more supportive of policy solutions.     

电视、中波发射塔对电磁辐射环境的影响

通过对包头市城区历年的电磁环境监测,以及电视和中波发射塔周围电磁辐射情况,了解其环境质量状况和主要污染源。历年环境监测综合场强为0.30~0.47 V/m,年平均值为0.41 V/m。而广播和电视发射塔因距离而异,它们综合场强均值分别为1.26~3.43 V/m、1.44~5.34 V/m。虽然这些监测值都在标准限值之内,但可以看出广播和电视发射塔对电磁辐射综合场强的影响极大。     

Phony Facts and Eco-media: Fake Nature and the Call for Widespread Media Literacy

ABSTRACT

Mermaids: The Body Found privileges mythologized creatures in a fictional narrative disguised as a documentary film in order to blur the boundaries between fact and fiction. This franchise’s decisions to value factors of entertainment over educational material are not uncommon in our consumer-driven society, but the film's engagement with fake fact media potentially repositions how audiences think about important conservation issues by overshadowing critical oceanic environmental topics with fake facts. Although today’s viewers are adept in interpreting media, the mermaid franchise’s use of screen genres, corporate websites, and social media saturates viewers with fake facts making it difficult to delineate between authentic science and fictional narrative. Not a quantitative reception study of audiences, this critical analysis of multiple genres of eco-media examines the difference between fake nature documentary and other types of animal programming and mockumentaries emphasizing that the issue is not strictly a question of entertainment factors or even of the subversion of fact and fiction, alone, but that the real issue lies in the franchise’s willingness to participate in an ever-growing media moment in which programming based on fake and alternative facts has the potential to impact how the public thinks about key issues in politics and science.     

以废塑料为基材的大孔型离子交换树脂的制备、表征和吸附性能

以废旧电视机外壳(WTVS)为原料,通过磺化反应和溶胀-渗透方法来制备大孔型离子交换树脂(SM-D001),并将其作为CO₂吸附材料的载体,采用N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、压汞法等手段对大孔型离子交换树脂(SM-D001)进行表征。考察了不同正庚烷的量、不同乙醇/水质量比和不同致孔时间下制备的SM-D001对CO₂吸附能力的影响。结果表明,当致孔剂正庚烷的量为25 g,乙醇/水质量比为90∶10,致孔时间为5 h时,制备的离子交换树脂对CO₂的平衡吸附量达到1.87 mmol·g⁻¹。以SM-D001为载体,五乙烯六胺(PEHA)为改性剂,采用配位法制备的固态胺吸附剂对CO₂的吸附能力达到3.61 mmol·g⁻¹,并对其进行吸附动力学研究。上述研究结果为进一步证明固态胺吸附剂对CO₂吸附过程是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结论提供参考。     

Catalyzing sustainable fisheries management through behavior change interventions

Small-scale fisheries are an important livelihood and primary protein source for coastal communities in many of the poorest regions in the world, yet many are overfished and thus require effective and scalable management solutions. Positive ecological and socioeconomic responses to management typically lag behind immediate costs borne by fishers from fishing pressure reductions necessary for fisheries recovery. These short-term costs challenge the long-term success of these interventions. However, social marketing may increase perceptions of management benefits before ecological and socioeconomic benefits are fully realized, driving new social norms and ultimately long-term sustainable behavior change. By conducting underwater visual surveys to quantify ecological conditions and by conducting household surveys with community members to quantify their perceptions of management support and socioeconomic conditions, we assessed the impact of a standardized small-scale fisheries management intervention that was implemented across 41 sites in Brazil, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The intervention combines TURF reserves (community-based territorial use rights for fishing coupled with no-take marine reserves) with locally tailored social-marketing behavior change campaigns. Leveraging data across 22 indicators and 4 survey types, along with data from 3 control sites, we found that ecological and socioeconomic impacts varied and that communities supported the intervention and were already changing their fishing practices. These results suggest that communities were developing new social norms and fishing more sustainably before long-term ecological and socioeconomic benefits of fisheries management materialized.     

Engaged Communication Scholarship for Environmental Justice: A Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

As a discipline of crisis and care, environmental communication needs to address questions of environmental justice. This article argues that the most appropriate approach to studying environmental justice communication is engaged scholarship, in which academics collaborate with community partners, advocates, and others to conduct research. The article reviews prior engaged communication scholarship on environmental justice, and proposes four streams of future research, focused on news and information, deliberation and participation, campaigns and movements, and education and literacy.     

广州市区广播电视发射塔电磁辐射调查

为了解广州市区广东电视发射塔和广州电视发射塔电磁辐射状况，广州市环境监测中心站对电视发射塔周围的环境进行了监测。结果表明．两座电视发射塔周围电磁辐射水平随着距离的增加，呈现下降的趋势；两座广播电视发射塔周围高层建筑敏感点窗外电磁辐射水平随着楼层的增加．呈现上升的趋势。     

Where Technology Goes to Die: Representations of Electronic Waste in Global Television News

This article analyzes how electronic waste (e-waste) gets represented in television news stories. The main objective is to present a perspective on how a “low-frequency” emergency (i.e. a lengthy and ongoing state of environmental emergency) is presented as a newsworthy issue. Drawing on literature on televised “distant suffering,” the article engages in a multimodal text analysis of four news stories about e-waste. The findings show how on-location reports from e-waste dumping sites make use of sublime imagery in the visual representations; how e-waste dumping sites are presented as strange spaces, with no clear and comprehensible history; and finally, that the representations suggest an ambivalence and uncertainty when it comes to agency (who is responsible and what can be done?). The article ends with a discussion of the implications of this mode of representation and its effectiveness in eliciting an appropriate response to the harms caused by e-waste.     

新疆某新建广播电视塔周边环境的辐射环境影响预测与分析研究

对新疆某地区新建广播电视塔周边环境20 m~500 m,离地高度0 m~200 m的电磁辐射影响进行预测,探寻此范围内电磁辐射最高值覆盖区域,说明广播电视塔周围电磁场的分布情况及变化趋势,得出距广播电视塔的水平安全距离及周围高层建筑物的限制高度,以期为电视发射塔电磁辐射防护措施的制定提出切实可行、针对性强的建议,从而为环保部门管理及日益增多的电磁辐射投诉提供依据.研究表明:电视塔周围的高层建筑物外的电磁场强度随着高度的提高而增大.