全文获取类型
收费全文 | 140篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
环保管理 | 21篇 |
综合类 | 71篇 |
基础理论 | 18篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 14篇 |
社会与环境 | 13篇 |
灾害及防治 | 5篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 3篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 5篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 27篇 |
2006年 | 5篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有143条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
Human adaptation to climate change: a review of three historical cases and some general perspectives
To study mitigation and adaptation to climate change, social scientists have drawn on different approaches, particularly sociological approaches to the future and comparative history of past societies. These two approaches frame the social and temporal boundaries of decision-making collectivities in different ways. A consideration of the responses to climate variability in three historical cases, the Classic Maya of Mexico and Central America, the Viking settlements in Greenland, and the US Dust Bowl, shows the value of integrating these two approaches. 相似文献
2.
This paper evaluates the relative effectiveness of FEMA expenditures on hurricane induced property losses. We find that spending on FEMA ex-ante mitigation and planning projects leads to greater reductions in property losses than spending on ex-post adaptation programs – specifically, a one percent increase in annual spending on ex-ante risk reduction and warning projects reduces damages by 0.21 percent while a one percent increase in ex-post recovery and clean-up spending reduces damages by 0.12. Although both types of program spending are effective, we find the marginal return from spending on programs that target long-term mitigation and risk management to be almost twice that of spending on ex-post recovery programs. With the predicted increases in the frequency and severity of North Atlantic hurricanes in the future, our findings suggest there are important potential gains that could be realized from the further diversification of FEMA spending across project categories. 相似文献
3.
4.
Integrated strategies to reduce vulnerability and advance adaptation,mitigation, and sustainable development 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Indur M. Goklany 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):755-786
Determinants of adaptive and mitigative capacities (e.g., availability of technological options, and access to economic resources,
social capital and human capital) largely overlap. Several factors underlying or related to these determinants are themselves
indicators of sustainable development (e.g., per capita income; and various public health, education and research indices).
Moreover, climate change could exacerbate existing climate-sensitive hurdles to sustainable development (e.g., hunger, malaria,
water shortage, coastal flooding and threats to biodiversity) faced specifically by many developing countries. Based on these
commonalities, the paper identifies integrated approaches to formulating strategies and measures to concurrently advance adaptation,
mitigation and sustainable development. These approaches range from broadly moving sustainable development forward (by developing
and/or nurturing institutions, policies and infrastructure to stimulate economic development, technological change, human
and social capital, and reducing specific barriers to sustainable development) to reducing vulnerabilities to urgent climate-sensitive
risks that hinder sustainable development and would worsen with climate change. The resulting sustainable economic development
would also help reduce birth rates, which could mitigate climate change and reduce the population exposed to climate change
and climate-sensitive risks, thereby reducing impacts, and the demand for adaptation. The paper also offers a portfolio of
pro-active strategies and measures consistent with the above approaches, including example measures that would simultaneously
reduce pressures on biodiversity, hunger, and carbon sinks. Finally it addresses some common misconceptions that could hamper
fuller integration of adaptation and mitigation, including the notions that adaptation may be unsuitable for natural systems,
and mitigation should necessarily have primacy over adaptation.
相似文献
Indur M. GoklanyEmail: |
5.
The double trade-off between adaptation and mitigation for sea level rise: an application of FUND 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
Richard S. J. Tol 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):741-753
This paper studies the effects of adaptation and mitigation on the impacts of sea level rise. Without adaptation, the impact
of sea level rise would be substantial, almost wiping out entire countries by 2100, although the globally aggregate effect
is much smaller. Adaptation would reduce potential impacts by a factor 10–100. Adaptation would come at a minor cost compared
to the damage avoided. As adaptation depends on socio-economic status, the rank order of most vulnerable countries is different
than the rank order of most exposed countries. Because the momentum of sea level rise is so large, mitigation can reduce impacts
only to a limited extent. Stabilising carbon dioxide concentrations at 550 ppm would cut impacts in 2100 by about 10%. However,
the costs of emission reduction lower the avoided impacts by up to 25% (average 10%). This is partly due to the reduced availability
of resources for adaptation, and partly due to the increased sensitivity to wetland loss by adaptation.
相似文献
Richard S. J. TolEmail: |
6.
Preety M. Bhandari Suruchi Bhadwal Ulka Kelkar 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):919-933
India occupies 2.4% of the world’s geographical area with a large percentage of its land under agriculture. About 228 Million
hectares (Mha) of its geographical area (nearly 69%) fall within the dryland (arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid) region. Of
the total cultivated area of 142 Mha, major part of agriculture in the country is rainfed, extending to over 97 Mha and constituting
nearly 68% of the net cultivated area, therefore making the agricultural sector vulnerable and exposed to the vagaries of
weather conditions. Climate change adds to this dimension of stress. A strong need is felt for targeting programmes in these
areas that address issues related to employing suitable soil and water conservation measures. In this context this paper seeks
to examine the case for watershed development as an adaptive strategy. An examination of the possibility of fortifying the
existing programme with a view to adapting to expected changes in climate in future is undertaken. Also, the possibility of
watershed development integrating into a suitable mitigation strategy for the country is assessed.
相似文献
Preety M. BhandariEmail: |
7.
Anna Maria J?nsson Olle Anderbrant Jennie Holmér Jacob Johansson Guy Schurgers Glenn P. Svensson Henrik G. Smith 《Ambio》2015,44(3):249-255
In recent years, climate impact assessments of relevance to the agricultural and forestry sectors have received considerable attention. Current ecosystem models commonly capture the effect of a warmer climate on biomass production, but they rarely sufficiently capture potential losses caused by pests, pathogens and extreme weather events. In addition, alternative management regimes may not be integrated in the models. A way to improve the quality of climate impact assessments is to increase the science–stakeholder collaboration, and in a two-way dialog link empirical experience and impact modelling with policy and strategies for sustainable management. In this paper we give a brief overview of different ecosystem modelling methods, discuss how to include ecological and management aspects, and highlight the importance of science–stakeholder communication. By this, we hope to stimulate a discussion among the science–stakeholder communities on how to quantify the potential for climate change adaptation by improving the realism in the models. 相似文献
8.
Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic (iAs) enters into benthic fish; however, the metabolic process of dietborne iAs in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear. This was a 40-day study on chronic dietborne iAs [arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV)] exposure in the benthic freshwater food fish, the crucian carp (Carassius auratus), which determined the temporal profiles of iAs metabolism and toxicokinetics during exposure. We found that an adaptive response occurred in the fish body after iAs dietary exposure, which was associated with decreased As accumulation and increased As transformation into a non-toxic As form (arsenobetaine). The bioavailability of dietary AsIII was lower than that of AsV, probably because AsIII has a lower ability to pass through fish tissues. Dietary AsV exhibited a high potential for transformation into AsIII species, which then accumulated in fish muscle. The largely produced AsIII considered more toxic at the earlier stage of AsV exposure should attract sufficient attention to human exposure assessment. Therefore, the pristine As species and exposure duration had significant effects on As bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish. The behavior determined for dietborne arsenic in food fish is crucial for not only arsenic ecotoxicology but also food safety. 相似文献
9.
There are two principal strategies for managing climate change risks: mitigation and adaptation. Until recently, mitigation
and adaptation have been considered separately in both climate change science and policy. Mitigation has been treated as an
issue for developed countries, which hold the greatest responsibility for climate change, while adaptation is seen as a priority
for the South, where mitigative capacity is low and vulnerability is high. This conceptual divide has hindered progress against
the achievement of the fundamental sustainable development challenges of climate change. Recent attention to exploring the
synergies between mitigation and adaptation suggests that an integrated approach could go some way to bridging the gap between
the development and adaptation priorities of the South and the need to achieve global engagement in mitigation. These issues
are explored through a case study analysis of climate change policy and practice in Bangladesh. Using the example of waste-to-compost
projects, a mitigation-adaptation-development nexus is demonstrated, as projects contribute to mitigation through reducing
methane emissions; adaptation through soil improvement in drought-prone areas; and sustainable development, because poverty
is exacerbated when climate change reduces the flows of ecosystem services. Further, linking adaptation to mitigation makes
mitigation action more relevant to policymakers in Bangladesh, increasing engagement in the international climate change agenda
in preparation for a post-Kyoto global strategy. This case study strengthens the argument that while combining mitigation
and adaptation is not a magic bullet for climate policy, synergies, particularly at the project level, can contribute to the
sustainable development goals of climate change and are worth exploring. 相似文献
10.
How can public engagement assist in the development of just processes and outcomes in adaptation discourse and policymaking? A concern with justice is at the center of thinking about adaptation that is not only resilient, but also public, engaging, and transformative. Theoretically, the intersection of adaptation, transformation, and environmental and climate justice is examined, before exploring the specific concerns and normative foundations for adaptation policy articulated by local governments, environmental groups, and local residents engaged in adaptation planning in Australia. Despite a discursive disconnect between governmental focus on a risk or resilience-based approach and a community concern with the vulnerability of basic needs and capabilities of everyday life, deliberative engagement in adaptation planning can both address issues of justice and represent a transformative practice. 相似文献