论企业安全行为

建筑施工要保证安全生产必须从杜绝“物的不安全状态、人的不安全行为”入手，加强教育与管理，增强法规意识，完善安全生产工作的布置、检查、监督、奖罚等企业安全行为。本文通过一起机械伤害事故分析，讨论了在宏观整体上规范企业安全行为，是促进企业安全生产最根本的环节。     

人身伤亡赔偿计算方法及理论依据新探

全面、准确、合理的估算并给出因人身伤亡产生的赔偿金额,目前似乎是一个世界性的难题。这主要由于人们受生命伦理观念的束缚而未曾深入探讨个体生命在社会生活中的经济学意义。笔者通过分析和总结现存赔偿方法的缺陷和理论认识的不足,参照一般性实物的损坏赔偿原则,引申提出了人身伤亡赔偿的新理论。该理论认为:对人的赔偿也应当遵循“损失有多大赔偿就应当有多少”的世界通行原则。因此,对由于受伤或死亡带来的工资收入、生命健康和精神创伤三大损失,应当逐项予以合理的估算和足额的赔偿。根据该观点,笔者设计整合了一套相对完整的赔偿计算公式,从而为解决人身伤亡的赔偿难题提供了一种新的选择。     

地震发生时间对人员伤亡影响的概率

本文用泊松分布表示家庭人数的概率分布,并假定在闲暇时间段人在室内的概率服从均匀分布,根据人在一天中的活动建立了不同时间段人在室内的概率公式。用一天中不同时间段人在室内的概率表示地震发生时间对人员伤亡的影响。     

自然灾害基本参数研究（一）

本文在大量查阅史料的基础上，系统整理了自公元１３６８年至１９４９年的旱灾、涝灾、风雹、冻害、潮灾、山崩、地震等自然灾害年死亡人数。     

Digital screen use for a road safety campaign message was not associated with road safety awareness of passers-by: A quasi-experimental study

Introduction: Recent evidence suggests fatality risks for cyclists may be increasing in Britain. Understanding how to increase levels of cycling while keeping risk low is paramount. Educating drivers about cyclists may help with road safety, and mass-media messaging is a possible avenue, potentially utilizing digital displays screens in public areas. However, no studies have examined the use of these screens for road safety campaigns. Methods: A quasi-experiment was conducted to examine if digital screens may be effective to raise awareness of a campaign message and encourage recall of car drivers. A digital campaign image was selected that encouraged car drivers and cyclists to ‘look out for each other,’ and stated than 80% of cyclists owned a driving license. Views and knowledge on driver priorities around cyclists were examined before (control) and after campaign exposure (intervention), and tested using regression modelling. Results: 364 people were interviewed over five days. Those interviewed on intervention days were more likely to rank ‘Look out for cyclists’ as being more important compared to those interviewed on control days (OR 1.20), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.355). Those who said they had seen the image did not rank ‘Look out for cyclists’ higher than those who said they had not seen it (p = 0.778). The disparity between reported and displayed percentage of cyclists with a driving license did not differ between intervention and control days, but was 8% higher amongst those who claimed to have seen the image (p = 0.026). Conclusions: We did not find strong evidence that use of an image on digital screens increased public awareness or recall of a casualty reduction campaign message. Work is needed to investigate the effects of longer-term exposure to road safety images. Practical Applications: Short-term use of digital signage is not recommended for raising awareness of road safety campaigns.     

Effect of pavement condition and geometrics at signalised intersections on casualty crashes

IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of pavement surface condition and other control factors on casualty crashes at signalized intersections. It involved conducting a before and after study for road surface condition and situational factors. It also included assessing the effects of geometric characteristics on safety performance of signalized intersections post resurfacing to control for the effect of pavement surface condition. Pavement surface condition included roughness, rutting, and skid resistance. The control factors included traffic volume, light and surface moisture condition, and speed limit. The geometric characteristics included approach width, number of lanes, intersection depth, presence of median, presence of shared lane, and presence of bus stop.MethodTo account for the repeated observations of the effect of light and surface moisture conditions in four occasions (day-dry, day-wet, night-dry and night-wet) Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with Negative Binomial (NB) and log link function was applied. For each signalized intersection in the sample, condition data are collected for the year before and after the year of surface treatment. Crash data, however, are collected for a minimum of three and maximum of five years before and after treatment years.ResultsThe results show that before treatment, light condition, road surface moisture condition, and skid resistance interaction with traffic volume are the significant contributors to crash occurrence. For after treatment; light condition, road surface moisture condition, their interaction product, and roughness interaction with light condition, surface moisture condition, and traffic volume are the significant contributors. The geometric variables that were found to have significant effects on crash frequency post resurfacing were approach width interactions with presence of shared lane, bus stop, or median.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that resurfacing is significant in reducing crash frequency and severity levels.Practical Applications: The study findings would help for better understanding of how geometric characteristics can be improved to reduce crash occurrence.     

建筑业人身意外伤害保险探讨

建筑业是伤害事故多发的行业 ,实行建筑业人身意外伤害保险 ,在《中华人民共和国建筑法》和《中华人民共和国安全生产法》里有明确规定 ,也是一项国际惯例。建筑业实施人身意外伤害保险 ,对促进建筑市场和保险市场的发育、减轻企业风险和维护社会稳定意义重大 ,同时有利于建筑业的安全管理以及与国际惯例接轨。目前 ,我国由于企业风险意识薄弱、法规不完善、保险公司不能提供优良的服务以及缺乏保险中介等原因 ,使得意外伤害保险的推行情况不甚理想。为大力推动我国建筑业人身意外伤害保险的发展 ,需要加强风险和保险的宣传、完善配套法规、采取强制与服务并重的措施并扶植我国工程保险中介组织的发展     

地震人员伤亡易损性研究

地震造成的人员伤亡与房屋破坏状况有关。本文利用唐山地震人员伤亡及房屋破坏的资料，运用最小二乘拟合方法和迭代计算的方法，建立了地震人员伤亡易损性模型，并与现有其它几种地震人员伤亡预测方法作了比较，该模型在相同的误差条件下预测的准确率更高。