重视开发非粘土砖墙体建材的负面环境影响

开发非粘土砖墙体建材应重视它们的隔声、抗震、放射性及隔热等性能是否符合技术标准,避免产生新的社会和环境问题。同时应严格技术考核,政府的倾斜政策也应合理、适度。     

泥石流突变模型

本文在崔鹏的泥石流实验工作的基础上，用柘扑变换的方法建立了一个泥石流突变模型；并分析了泥石流的突变条件和机制；从理论上指出了防治泥石流发生和减轻泥石流灾害的措施，这在设计防治泥石流工程上将具有指导意义。     

Manufacture of strand board made from construction scrap wood

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of strand board made from construction scrap wood. The strand board was manufactured using Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga japonica) strands selected from construction scrap wood. The strands were oriented, and three-layer (face/core/face) strand board of three types was produced: one in which the strands of the face layer were oriented at a right angle to those of the core layer (R board), another in which the strands of the face layer were oriented parallel to those of the core layer (P board), and a third in which the strands of both layers were oriented at random (Ra board). The physical and mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). The main results obtained are as follows: the bending strength of the strand board with a density larger than 0.55 g/cm³ exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard of JIS A 5908. The bending strength of the strand board was affected by board density, strand orientation and resin content, and became larger with increased density as well as resin content. That of the parallel specimen of P board was the largest among the specimen-orientations and types. The internal bond strength of the strand board with a density larger than 0.55 g/cm³ exceeded the standard value of type 18 particleboard and type 24-10 particleboard of JIS A 5908. The internal bond strength was markedly affected by the resin content of the core layer, and became larger with increased density. The thickness swelling of the strand board decreased with increased resin content, and become larger with increased density.     

电子束物理气相沉积制备热障涂层研究进展

介绍了电子束物理气相沉积设备的主要组成、工作原理和电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层的结构特点,并重点论述了工件转速、工件温度、靶材蒸汽入射角度、工件表面的粗糙度、粘结层预氧化、改性粘结层和双层陶瓷层等对电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层性能的影响。     

Justice for Bhopal! And No More Bhopals! Three decades of national and international campaigning

Dissatisfaction with the responses of the responsible corporation, Union Carbide, and the Indian government to Bhopal resulted in a campaign by national and international NGOs (non-governmental organisations) over the past three decades. While initially the Indian and international campaigns were separate, over time greater international cooperation took place. In the immediate aftermath of the disaster local NGOs prioritised health, justice and rehabilitation issues, while international NGOs used Bhopal to question chemical industry process and environmental safety in their own countries, as well as internationally. Indian NGOs called on international NGO resources to gain legitimacy for their campaign, to use NGOs as proxies and to extend the geographical scope of the campaign, while international NGOs used Bhopal as an example to advance NGOs analyses and policies. Over the period of the campaign, Indian NGOs became more sophisticated in their campaigning. The international campaign has increasingly become an online campaign, involved in an image or reputational war with Dow Chemical, which took over Union Carbide, while the original campaign issues of justice and reparations over the process safety disaster were joined by similar issues related to environmental safety of abandoned toxic waste.     

分子连接性指数对部分有机污染物溶解度及疏水参数的预测

以化学键为基础定义了键连接性指数和分子键连接性指数，分子键连接性指数与卤代烷、环烷烃、烷基苯和含氧原子醇、酮、醚及卤代苯等有机污染物的溶解度和辛醇／水分配系数都具有良好的线性关系，使用该模型对化合物的溶解度及疏水参数的估算结果接近实验值，能很好地反映有机化合物的结构特性，可应用于不饱和碳氢体系和各类杂原子体系，且具有良好的预测能力。     

矿山开采非线性沉陷学说初论

讨论基于岩体工程属性和矿山开采沉陷本质特征而建立非线性沉陷学说的正确性和可行性;总结了近年来笔者在非线性沉陷问题方面所做的大量实验、现场勘测、研究和取得的成果：采动岩体的非线性破坏特征、开采沉陷的Ｄａｍ ａｇｅ效应、采动岩体分形裂隙网络及演化规律、开采沉陷的协同效应和自组织过程、采动岩体层裂的突变机理、采动断层活化的分形界面效应、地表下沉的“Ｓ”型分形增长规律;提出了建立基于矿山开采非线性沉陷机理、规律的预测模型和防治对策及非线性沉陷学的学术思想     

Sovereign financial disaster risk management: The case of Mexico

In 2006, Mexico became the first transition country to transfer part of its public-sector natural catastrophe risk to the international reinsurance and capital markets. The Mexican case is of considerable interest to highly exposed transition and developing countries, many of which are considering similar transactions. Risk financing instruments can assure governments of sufficient post-disaster capital to provide emergency response, disaster relief to the affected population and repair public infrastructure. The costs of financial instruments, however, can greatly exceed expected losses, and for this reason it is important to closely examine their benefits and alternatives. This paper analyzes the Mexican case from the perspective of the risk cedent (the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit), which was informed by analyses provided by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). The rationale for a government to insure its contingent liabilities is presented along with the fiscal, legal and institutional context of the Mexican transaction. Using publicly available data, the paper scrutinizes the choice the authorities faced between two different risk-transfer instruments: reinsurance and a catastrophe bond. Making use of IIASA's catastrophe simulation model (CATSIM), this financial risk management decision is analyzed within the context of a public investment decision.     

中国城市绿色金融及其影响因素——以绿色债券为例

绿色金融是金融创新的重点,旨在调控资本供给,实现环境向好发展。以绿色债券为例,基于2016—2019年中国142个地级以上城市,使用面板数据模型和空间杜宾模型探讨政策激励、金融基础、环境污染对绿色金融的影响。结果显示：（1）中西部地区引入绿色金融的城市数目较多,东部地区是绿色金融规模增长的承载区域。（2）政策激励和金融基础显著提升绿色金融规模,而环境污染起到抑制作用。（3）不同区域的政策措施都能与金融基础协同,促成绿色金融发展。仅在东部地区,政策激励能够缓和环境污染的负面影响。研究表明,绿色金融的发展模式存在区域差异,东部地区是在政策激励和金融基础推动下的顺势转型,中西部地区则需应对环境污染造成的阻力。     

A theoretical study of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters of sulfuric acid and organic acids with amides

Amides, a series of significant atmospheric nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can participate in new particle formation (NPF) throught interacting with sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids. In this study, we investigated the molecular interactions of formamide (FA), acetamide (AA), N-methylformamide (MF), propanamide (PA), N-methylacetamide (MA), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) with SA, acetic acid (HAC), propanoic acid (PAC), oxalic acid (OA), and malonic acid (MOA). Global minimum of clusters were obtained through the association of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The conformational analysis, thermochemical analysis, frequency analysis, and topological analysis were conducted to determine the interactions of hydrogen-bonded molecular clusters. The heterodimers formed a hepta or octa membered ring through four different types of hydrogen bonds, and the strength of the bonds are ranked in the following order: SOH???O > COH???O > NH???O > CH???O. We also evaluated the stability of the clusters and found that the stabilization effect of amides with SA is weaker than that of amines with SA but stronger than that of ammonia (NH₃) with SA in the dimer formation of nucleation process. Additionally, the nucleation capacity of SA with amides is greater than that of organic acids with amides.