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排序方式: 共有128条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Molecular level characterization of dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) by electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) is necessary for further understanding of the role of DOS in the environment. Here, ESI spray solvent, a key parameter for ion production during ESI process, was investigated for its effect on the molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS. 100% MeOH as spray solvent was found for the first time to remarkably enhance the ionization efficiency of the majority of CHOS-molecules in NOM, which facilitated a total of 1473 CHOS-molecular formulas with one sulfur atom to be detected. The number of CHOS-molecular formulas obtained using 100%MeOH as spray solvent increased notably over 740 in comparison with those using 50% MeOH aqueous solution (731) or 50% ACN aqueous solution (653). Moreover, due to the enhancement of ionization efficiency of DOS during ESI processes, the tandem mass spectra of the NOM CHOS-molecules could be easily obtained using 100% MeOH as spray solvent, which were hardly obtained using 50% MeOH aqueous solution as spray solvent. The results of the tandem mass spectra suggested the first discovery of organosulfates or sulfonic acids in Suwannee River NOM sample. A simple method based on 100% MeOH as ESI spray solvent for advanced molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS was proposed and applied, and the results revealed more molecular information of DOS in sea DOM samples.  相似文献   
2.
以暗棕壤为供试土壤,研究了不同溶液pH值、离子强度、接触时间、反应温度和初始铜离子(Cu~(2+))浓度条件下,胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附作用;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能量色散谱(EDS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),对胡敏素/胡敏素-Cu~(2+)复合物的表面形貌、元素分布和官能团组成进行了分析;应用延展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS),对吸附态Cu~(2+)的局域配位结构进行了表征.结果表明:胡敏素对Cu~(2+)的吸附量随pH值、接触时间、反应温度和Cu~(2+)浓度的增加而增加,但随离子强度的增加而下降;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,而吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果较好;吸附过程需要能量,是自发、吸热和自由度增加的缔合反应;吸附Cu~(2+)之后,胡敏素表面产生了团聚现象,表面羧基、羟基、吡啶氮和N—O基团参与了Cu~(2+)的吸附作用,同时吸附态Cu~(2+)是以内层配位形式与胡敏素表面的O/N和C原子结合.  相似文献   
3.
在简要介绍移动平均、傅立叶交换和小波变换基本原理的基础上,比较了它们在地球化学数据处理过程中去除噪声效果的优劣,并应用于塔北雅克松-轮台地区的地球化学勘探实际。研究结果表明,小波变换是一种理想的数据处理方法。  相似文献   
4.
地震观测数据受各种周期性因素影响,其动态曲线表现为周期性变化特征,是大小不同的周期和非周期因素相互作用的结果。利用MATLAB工具包,编程幅频分析和滤波程序,以福州乌鸦咀泉水电导率的模拟观测数据为例,对其幅频谱特征和震例进行初步探讨。  相似文献   
5.
重庆城区大气颗粒物的元素、离子及物相组成研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用X-射线能谱(EDX),傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR),X-射线衍射(XRI)对重庆市区大气颗粒污染物的元素组成,离子,物相组成进行顾研究,EDX检出了S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu,Se,Sr,Zr,Rb,Ga,Hg,Zn,Ni元素,FT-IR光谱发现主要存在SO4^2-,NH4^ 和NO3^-,XRD结果表明存在CaSO4.2H2O,α-SiO2,(NH4)2Ca(SO4)2.2H2O,(NH4)2SO4等4个主要物相以及Fe3O4,CaCO3等物相,初步讨论了重庆大气颗粒物的污染来源及其时间,空间分布。  相似文献   
6.
采用应变软化的模型,使用连续介质快速拉格朗日分析法(FLAC,FastLagrangianAnaly-sisofContinue)进行数值模拟计算;研究截齿截割作用下煤体变形破坏过程;分析各种工况下不同参数对煤体塑性区、最大位移、最大主应力、最大剪应力的影响。研究表明:截割力与塑性区大小成正比,位移、剪应力、主应力随截割力增大而增大;截深与塑性区大小成反比;截割角度与塑性区面积关系密切,试验用煤体最佳截割角度为5°左右;截割速度增加,塑性区面积减小;通过分析截割动态过程,得到位移矢量图及剪应变等值线图,发现截割过程中煤体的破坏是拉、剪联合作用的结果,以剪破坏为主。  相似文献   
7.
为了解决移动变电站低压侧为变频器供电时漏电保护装置误动的问题,提出了基于傅式算法的附加直流原理漏电保护新方法。通过理论分析和MATLAB/Simulink仿真,研究了具有变频器的矿井低压供电系统附加直流原理漏电保护,提出由傅式算法分解出采样电压直流分量以反映电缆绝缘水平的保护方法;同时分析了其他因素对直流分量的影响。研究结果表明:变频器对传统附加直流保护整定值有较大影响,易造成漏电保护装置误动且无法实现电缆的在线绝缘监测;所提出的直流分量法能准确测量电缆对地绝缘电阻,且可消除电缆分布电容、变频器载波频率、变频器输出频率等其他因素的干扰;采用该漏电保护方法,可承受变频器投入时对采样电压造成的较大冲击,不必在启动期间解除漏电保护装置,能够消除在此期间存在的人身触电安全隐患。  相似文献   
8.
污泥水是污水处理厂污泥浓缩、稳定、脱水等环节产生的废水,具有污染物浓度高、成分复杂的特点.采用三维荧光光谱和红外光谱研究了污泥水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光谱特性.污泥水荧光性DOM(FDOM)可利用平行因子分析划分为6个荧光组分,分别为类蛋白质组分C1(275/355 nm)、C4(235/350 nm)和C6(275/305 nm),及类腐殖酸组分C2(250,340/440nm)、C3(320/380 nm)和C5(250/465 nm).重力浓缩和机械浓缩污泥水中COD与所有类腐殖酸组分均正显著相关(P0.01),类蛋白质组分对其影响不大.离心脱水污泥水中组分C1、C4和C5含量明显上升.深度脱水污泥水中FDOM荧光峰位置和强度与其它污泥水存在显著差异,C3和C6分别较离心脱水污泥水升高15.63和7.30倍.与浓缩污泥水相比,离心脱水污泥水中多糖和腐殖酸吸收峰增强,而深度脱水污泥水中蛋白质大量释放,金属离子会与腐殖酸和蛋白质络合引起DOM结构变化.  相似文献   
9.
Modeling potential herbicide loss to surface waters on the Swiss plateau   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Lack of sufficiently detailed data often limits the applicability of complex transport-reaction models for estimating potential herbicide loss to surface waters. Therefore, there is also a need for simple models that are easy to apply but still capture the main features of the underlying processes.In this study, a simple regression model was developed to assess the vulnerability of catchments in the Swiss Plateau to diffuse herbicide loss to surface waters. The model is designed as a screening tool to rank the catchments in a relative sense and not to calculate Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PEC) of pesticides. The main goal is to capture two dominating factors controlling diffuse herbicide transport into streams and rivers. These factors are herbicide application and fast flow processes that are mainly responsible for herbicide transport. In a first step vulnerability of sites to herbicide loss is estimated based on site-specific conditions irrespective of actual herbicide application. In the second step, this vulnerability assessment is combined with actual herbicide application data to estimate the potential herbicide loss.The fast flow index (FFI), derived from discharge data using a base flow separation method, was applied as a proxy for the amount of fast flow occurring. The influence of catchment attributes (including topographic, climatic and soil data) on the FFI was analyzed using a multiple regression approach based on data from 57 catchments of the Swiss Plateau. By combining regression analysis with mechanistic knowledge, a two factor non-linear model based on river density and soil permeability as dominant input factors was selected as the best model for FFI prediction given the available data. Higher dimensional models had to be excluded because the strong correlation between the potential input factors led to unrealistic dependences while only minimally improving the quality of the fit.The spatial pattern of the predicted FFI as a measure for the vulnerability to diffuse herbicide losses shows a clearly increasing trend from the western to the eastern part of the Swiss Plateau and towards the pre-alpine/alpine regions in the south.In general the pattern of herbicide use corresponds to site conditions typical of a low FFI. However, the spatial analysis revealed exceptions, namely areas in which high actual herbicide use coincides with a high FFI.Despite the uncertainties in the model, this simple approach seems to be useful for supporting site-adapted agricultural practice whenever the higher accuracy of more detailed models is not required or too expensive to achieve. In addition, in combination with data on actual herbicide application, it can support the design of monitoring strategies by identifying critical areas of actual herbicide loss.  相似文献   
10.
An experimental study of flame propagation, acceleration and transition to detonation in hydrogen–air mixture in 2-m-long rectangular cross-section channel filled with obstacles located at the bottom wall was performed. The initial conditions of the hydrogen–air mixture were 0.1 MPa and 293 K and stoichiometric composition (29.6% H2 in air). The channel width was 0.11 m and blockage ratio was 0.5 in all experiments. The effect of channel geometrical scale on flame propagation was studied by using four channel heights H of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 m. In each case, the obstacle height was equal to H/2 and the obstacle spacing was 2H.

The propagation of flame and pressure waves was monitored by four pressure transducers and four ion probes. The pairs of transducers and probes were placed at various locations along the channel in order to get information about the progress of the phenomena along the channel.

As a result of the experiments, the deflagration and detonation regimes and velocities of flame propagation in the obstructed channel were established.  相似文献   

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