学习借鉴,走跨越式发展之路

论述了为实现全面建设小康社会的发展目标，必须走跨越式发展之路。     

Uptake of cadmium into cells in culture∗

Cadmium has been recognized as pollutant of the environment for many years and numerous studies on its toxic effects have been carried out. Little, however, is known about its metabolic behaviour e.g. why the metal is accumulated so extremely rapidly into the organs of men and animals. Since the study of the individual metabolic steps is very difficult in vivo cell cultures may be used to obtain first indications of what happens in the whole animal.

We used CHO cells in monolayer culture to study the conditions under which the uptake of cadmium occurs. From serumfree medium the metal is accumulated rapidly in the cells. The uptake is inhibited very strongly by the presence of serum or albumin. Accumulation occurs against a concentration gradient and is dependent on the incubation temperature. Below 10°C no cadmium uptake is seen. Several substances which are known to affect cell metabolism have been used to influence cadmium accumulation. Neither inhibitors of energy production nor microtubule or microfilament disruptors showed any substantial effect. In contrast SH‐group blocking agents markedly reduced cadmium uptake.

The results show that cadmium uptake does not occur by passive diffusion but by some active mechanism.     

岩溶区地下水补给型水库表层无机碳时空变化特征及影响因素

为更深入地认识岩溶区地下水补给型水库表层无机碳的循环过程,于2014-07-12~2014-07-20期间,以广西上林县大龙洞岩溶水库表层水体为研究体系,对无机碳循环研究的重要指标进行定点观测和高密度的昼夜监测.结果发现:1从上游到下游DIC含量和水体p CO2值逐渐增加[DIC(平均):122.88 mg·L-1增至172.02 mg·L-1,p CO2(平均):637.91×10-6增至1 399.97×10-6],δ13CDIC值逐渐偏负[δ13CDIC(平均):-4.34‰降至-6.97‰].2库区均为大气CO2的源,CO2交换通量在7.11~335.54 mg·(m2·h)-1之间,平均125.03 mg·(m2·h)-1,上游和下游地区CO2交换通量较大[平均131.73 mg·(m2·h)-1、170.25 mg·(m2·h)-1],中游狭窄地区CO2交换通量较小[平均116.05 mg·(m2·h)-1].3表层水体p CO2值和水-气界面CO2交换通量存在晚上升高,白天降低的昼夜变化规律,且与叶绿素a(Chla)呈负相关关系.分析认为:1大龙洞水库表层水体DIC含量、δ13CDIC值和水体p CO2的空间分布主要受浮游植物浓度、浊度、电导率、水深、透明度等的影响,而水-气界面CO2交换通量除了受浮游植物浓度空间变化的影响外还受风速的影响.2浮游植物昼夜垂向运动及光合作用和呼吸作用昼夜变化控制着水库表层水体溶解性无机碳的昼夜循环过程.     

长江中游洪涝灾害的发展趋势与跨流域治理的必要性

回顾了近五百年来长江中游洪涝灾害发生的历史,运用历史外推原理对洪灾的发展趋势进行了预测,认为在未来的十几年内,长江中游洪灾的发展态势不容乐观。在防御对策上,中央“三十二字”指导原则提出后,人们普遍把眼光投向流域内生态环境的治理。从历史看,长江中游自古以来就是受洪患严重威胁的地区,近代流域内生态环境的破坏在一定程度上人为地加剧了这一威胁,流域内生态环境的治理十分重要。但导致长江中游洪灾的根本 原因还     

斜率差信息法在震情分析研究中的应用

利用斜率差信息法对唐山地区准连续型大地形变资料进行了前兆信息的提取,对形变资料进行了全时域扫描,并进行了多种方案的对比筛选。对首都圈、尤其是唐山附近的5级以上地震与异常的对应关系进行了统计。由于地震活动存在阶段性差异,优化筛选方案后进行了分段扫描,取唐山附近3级以上小震进行对比分析,并对其统计结果进行了R值评分,在97.5％的置信水平下,通过了检验。研究结果表明,地震活动的强弱存在明显的阶段性特征,而斜率差异常信息与该区域中小地震的对应关系也存在阶段性特征。     

岩溶区桥基拱形结构跨越方案设计

岩溶地区桥梁基础的处理是国内外高速公路建设的重大技术难题之一.当桥基下方存在溶洞时,传统方案一般采取充填溶洞、改变桥墩跨度、桩基穿越溶洞、绕避等措施,但当桥址位置不能变更且不可避免要经过大型溶洞时,传统方案从经济、施工难度上考虑都不甚合理,而拱形结构跨越溶洞方案可以有效地解决此类问题.本文以坳背湾大桥为例,重点探讨了在...     

跨省水流域突发环境事件应急监测预案分析

阐述了编制跨省水流域突发环境事件应急监测预案的必要性,重点介绍了跨省水流域突发环境事件的特点及应急监测预案的基本要素;明确了处理突发环境事件应急工作中的组织机构、工作职责以及工作程序,通过加强应急培训与演练,确保应急预案的持续实用性和有效性.应急监测预案是突发环境事件防范的重要组成部分,制定并逐步完善应急监测预案,在预案的指导下及时、准确地出具监测数据,是顺利处理跨省水流域突发环境事件的重要保证.     

西安地裂缝对地下排水管道的破坏及防治

西安地区地裂缝对排水管道造成很大的破坏,经过分析、研究,提出了通过地裂带处的旧排水管道的改造方案,并给出了在新建排水管道通过地裂缝处时应采取的方案.     

Intersection AEB implementation strategies for left turn across path crashes

Abstract

Objective: Left turn across path with traffic from the opposite direction (LTAP/OD) is the second most frequent car-to-car intersection crash type after straight crossing path (SCP) in Germany and the United States. Intersection automated emergency braking (AEB) for passenger cars can address these crashes.

This study investigates 2 implementation strategies of intersection AEB addressing LTAP/OD crashes: (1) only the turning car is equipped with an intersection AEB and (2) turning and straight-heading cars are equipped with an intersection AEB. For each strategy, the influence of a safety zone around the vehicles that should not be entered is evaluated in terms of accident avoidance, injury mitigation, and change in velocity (delta-V) of remaining accidents. Results are given as a function of market penetration.

Methods: A total of 372 LTAP/OD crashes from the time series precrash matrix (PCM), a subsample of the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS), were resimulated in the PRediction of Accident Evolution by Diversification of Influence factors in COmputer simulation (PRAEDICO) simulation framework. A Kudlich-Slibar rigid-body impact model and an injury risk curve derived from GIDAS were used to predict remaining moderate to fatal (Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale [MAIS] 2?+?F) injuries among car occupants.

Results: With a safety zone of 0.2 m, when the turning vehicle only was equipped with an intersection AEB, 59% of the crashes were avoided at a 100% market penetration. With both vehicles equipped the percentage increased to 77%. MAIS 2?+?F injured occupants were reduced by 60 and 76%, respectively. Considering both the turning and the straight-heading vehicles, the delta-V decreased strongly with market penetration in remaining left-side impacts but only slightly in remaining frontal and right-side impacts. Eliminating the safety zone substantially decreases effectiveness in all conditions.

Conclusions: Implementation strategy and safety zone definition strongly influence the real-life performance of intersection AEB. AEB should be applied not only for the turning vehicle but also for the straight-going vehicle to benefit from the full potential. Situationally appropriate safety zone definitions, in line with human hazard perception, need more attention and are a key to balance true positive and false positive performance. Remaining delta-V does not decrease broadly; hence, there is no evidence that future LTAP/OD crashes will be generally of lower severity. This highlights the need for continuous development of in-crash protection.     

老窿残矿开采技术及安全管理措施

在调查、分析龙山金锑矿老窿残矿赋存特征和开采技术条件的基础上,结合矿山生产实际,采用脉外平巷加穿脉群开采技术,并对现场施工提出具体的安全措施和要求,确保安全、高效地回收老窿残矿.采矿试验研究证明:该项技术采矿效率高、回采作业安全性好、经济效益显著.可供类似矿山借鉴.