Assessing climate change and health vulnerability at the local level: Travis County,Texas

We created a measure to help comprehend population vulnerability to potential flooding and excessive heat events using health, built environment and social factors. Through principal component analysis (PCA), we created non‐weighted sum index scores of literature‐reviewed social and built environment characteristics. We created baseline poor health measures using 1999–2005 age‐adjusted cardiovascular and combined diabetes and hypertension mortality rates to correspond with social–built environment indices. We mapped US Census block groups by linked age‐adjusted mortality and a PCA‐created social–built environment index. The goal was to measure flooding and excessive heat event vulnerability as proxies for population vulnerability to climate change for Travis County, Texas. This assessment identified communities where baseline poor health, social marginalisation and built environmental impediments intersected. Such assessments may assist targeted interventions and improve emergency preparedness in identified vulnerable communities, while fostering resilience through the focus of climate change adaptation policies at the local level.     

Time-dependent metabolomics uncover dynamic metabolic adaptions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A

● Metabolomic temporal profiling of cells exposed to xenobiotics. ● Global metabolome dysregulation patterns with time-resolved landscapes. ● Synchronized regulation behavior and specific dysregulation sensitivity. ● Temporal metabolic adaptions indicated cellular emphasis transition. The biochemical consequences induced by xenobiotic stress are featured in dose-response and time-resolved landscapes. Understanding the dynamic process of cellular adaptations is crucial in conducting the risk assessment for chemical exposure. As one of the most phenotype-related omics, metabolome in response to environmental stress can vary from seconds to days. Up to now, very few dynamic metabolomics studies have been conducted to provide time-dependent mechanistic interpretations in understanding xenobiotics-induced cellular adaptations. This study aims to explore the time-resolved metabolite dysregulation manner and dynamically perturbed biological functions in MCF-7 cells exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical. By sampling at 11 time points from several minutes to hours, thirty seven significantly dysregulated metabolites were identified, ranging from amino acids, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and nucleoside phosphate compounds. The metabolites in different pathways basically showed distinct time-resolved changing patterns, while those within the common class or same pathways showed similar and synchronized dysregulation behaviors. The pathway enrichment analysis suggested that purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as well as glutamine/glutamate (GABA) metabolism pathways were heavily disturbed. As exposure event continued, MCF-7 cells went through multiple sequential metabolic adaptations from cell proliferation to energy metabolism, which indicated an enhancing cellular requirement for elevated energy homeostasis, oxidative stress response and ER-α mediated cell growth. We further focused on the time-dependent metabolite dysregulation behavior in purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and identified the impaired glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by redox imbalance. Lastly, we established a restricted cubic spline-based model to fit and predict metabolite’s full range dysregulation cartography, with metabolite’ sensitivity comparisons retrieved and novel biomarkers suggested. Overall, the results indicated that 8 h BPA exposure leaded to global dynamic metabolome adaptions including amino acid, nucleoside and sugar metabolism disorders, and the dysregulated metabolites with interfered pathways at different stages are of significant temporal distinctions.     

元谋干热河谷植物功能性状组合的海拔梯度响应

植物功能性状能够显示对环境变化的响应,不同的适应对策呈现出不同的功能性状组合。干热河谷地区水分是最主要的限制性环境因子,之前的大部分研究都是集中关注于干热河谷局部地段,对于从垂直海拔上来研究不同植物在环境梯度下的变化的研究较少。干热河谷地区由于梵风效应,水分胁迫沿海拔梯度发生变化,一般表现为随海拔高度升高,气温降低,湿度和降水量增加,而蒸发量减小,辐射增强。以云南元谋干热河谷4个海拔梯度（1491.33、1730.20、1850.00、1925.57 m）中的植物为研究对象,选取叶片干物质含量（LDMC）、叶面积（LA）、比叶面积（SLA）、叶片厚度（LT）和叶密度（LD）5个功能性状,研究它们的相互关系,比较了海拔间的差异。结果表明：1）5个功能性状在不同海拔间均呈现出一定差异,变异系数由高到低为LD>LA>SLA>LT>LDMC（分别是101%、64%、56%、41%和19%）;方差分析结果也表明,5个功能性状在不同海拔之间差异显著（F=56.218,P<0.01;F=7.829,P<0.01;F=11.21,P<0.01;F=7.429,P<0.01;F=19.213,P<0.01）,尤其是在最低（1491.33 mm）和最高（1927.57 mm）海拔之间,各性状均具有极显著的差异;2）性状之间存在组合关系, LD与其他性状间相关性最为明显,除LDMC以外,LD与LA、SLA、LT均呈现出极显著负相关关系;LDMC与LA和LT呈极显著负相关;SLA与LA和LT呈正相关,而与LDMC显著负相关;LT与SLA显著正相关,与LA之间相关性不显著;3）在不同的海拔梯度之间,性状组合存在非同步变化现象。研究显示,元谋干热河谷地区,植物对水分环境的海拔梯度变化产生功能性状组合的响应,低海拔和高海拔物种对所处环境的适应策略不同,使得植物在海拔梯度上出现叶片功能性状组合的分化和差异。     

湖南省绥宁县黄桑坪自然保护区珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉自然种群年龄结构及生态对策

通过对湖南省绥宁县黄桑坪自然保护区长苞铁杉的种群结构、特定时间生命表、生殖价分析、分布数量与环境因子的关系进行分析.结果表明:(1)种群结构数量具有"中间大,两头小"的特点,为衰退型种群,虽然种群有一定的幼龄个体,但死亡率高,35 a内长苞铁杉的年龄结构模型为:Age(a)=0.002 765(DBH)3-0.128 756(DBH)2+4.120 978(DBH)+13.439 846(R=0.991 2,F=2 654.48);(2)长苞铁杉种群既有r对策特征,又有K对策特征,该种群处于r对策→K对策的过渡阶段;(3)长苞铁杉的累积剩余生殖价(SRRV)和整个生活史的总生殖价(TRV)呈现出逐渐递减的趋势,而生殖投资策略(OREx)在整个生长过程中具有"n"型变化特征,说明长苞铁杉种群有实现生殖与恢复的可能,但能力有限.     

基于模糊集值理论的城市应急避难所应急适应能力评价方法研究

以层次分析法为基础,根据城市应急避难所的功能特点,从规划设计、内部硬件设施、外部软件环境3个方面出发,选定18个评价指标,构造了城市应急避难所应急适应能力影响因素的层次结构,建立了综合评价模型.基于模糊集值统计理论,求出了各指标的合成权重,并对其权值进行了可靠性分析.利用线性加权模型得出应急适应能力评价结果.最后,以北京市某应急避难所作为实例进行了计算.结果表明,该应急避难所应急适应能力处于良好状态.     

城市应急避难所的应急适应能力--基于层次分析法的评价方法

城市在聚集财富的同时也在聚集风险，因此，各种重大突发事件时有发生。城市应急避难所是应对突发事件的重要设施，是现代化大城市用于民众躲避危险地区的安全场所。为了提高应急避难所的应急能力，减少人员伤亡和财产损失，有必要对应急避难所的应急适应能力进行综合评价，以便为加强应急避难所应急能力的建设提供定量依据。以层次分析法为基础，根据应急避难所的功能特点，从应急避难场所的规划设计、内部硬件设施、外部软件环境三个方面出发，选定18个评价指标；构造了突发事件应急避难所应急能力影响因素的层次结构，建立了综合评价模型，求出了各指标的合成权重；利用线性加权模型得出综合应急适应能力评价结果，并确定改进的工作重点：对评价模型的优缺点进行了理论上的分析。以北京市元大都城垣遗址公园应急避难所作为实例，计算表明，这种方法具备一定的实用性和科学性。     

农业气候资源变化对双季稻生产的可能影响分析

基于长江中游地区50 个气象台站自1960 年以来的历年地面气象观测资料,分1960-2009 及1960-1984、1985-2009 年3 个不同时间段,分温度生长期、早稻生长期、晚稻生长期分别分析了热量、光照、降水等农业的变化特征,并讨论对双季稻生产的可能影响。1960-2009年,该地区温度生长期平均气温、平均日最低气温、平均日最高气温的平均增速分别为0.08 ℃/10 a、0.09 ℃/10 a、0.07 ℃/10 a,≥10 ℃活动积温的平均增速为66.3 ℃/10 a,日照时数的平均减速为31.7 h/10 a,降水量的平均增速为3.7 mm/10 a。表现为温度上升、积温增加、温度生长期延长、日照时数减少、降水量微弱增加的变化特征。温度升高、积温增加可能导致发育速度加快、生育期缩短、病虫害加重,日照时数减少可能影响叶片光合及产量。早稻生长期的平均气温、≥10 ℃活动积温的增速分别为0.20 ℃/10 a、48.9 ℃/10 a,晚稻生长期分别为0.09 ℃/10 a、14.6 ℃/10 a,早稻和晚稻生长期间日照时数的下降速率分别为18.6 h/10 a、42.7 h/10 a,降水量的增加速率分别为1.9 mm/10 a、8.7 mm/10 a,表现为升温速率早稻大于晚稻,日照时数下降速率晚稻大于早稻,降水量增加速率晚稻大于早稻。早稻期间升温和积温增加明显可能有利于早稻提前播种、选用生育期稍长的品种、提高产量潜力和产量,晚稻期间升温不明显且日照时数下降则可能不利于群体光合和产量形成,影响其产量潜力和产量。区域中的江汉平原、洞庭湖平原等基础条件好的地区,其热量、日照、降水同步增加,其他地区则表现为热量、降水增加,但日照时数下降,要充分发挥其基础条件好与气候资源丰富且同步增加等优势,发展高效规模化生产,增强稻谷生产能力。     

不同污染环境对生物的影响及生物的适应方式浅析

探讨了大气污染、水环境污染以及土壤污染环境对生物的影响及生物的适应方式,总结了污染防治及研究的几个热点。     

空气氟化物污染对工人淋巴细胞微核的诱发

对某磷肥厂慢性接触空气氟化物污染的４０ 名工人外周血淋巴细胞的微核发生频率进行了分析研究．结果表明：接触氟化物污染工人的外周血淋巴细胞的微核发生率和微核细胞率均显著高于ＣＫ．人体对低浓度化学污染物的损害作用可产生适应机制,这种适应机制的形成需１０ ａ 左右．吸烟能加剧氟对微核的诱发作用．