Extended geometric method: a simple approach to derive adsorption rate constants of Langmuir-Freundlich kinetics

A new and simple equation has been presented here for calculation of adsorption and desorption rate constants of Langmuir-Freundlich kinetic equation. The derivation of new equation is on the basis of extension and correction to the geometric method which has been presented by Kuan et al. [Kuan, W.-H., Lo, S.-L., Chang, C.M., Wang, M.K., 2000. A geometric approach to determine adsorption and desorption kinetic constants. Chemosphere 41, 1741-1747] for the kinetics of adsorption/desorption in aqueous solutions. The correction is to consider that the concentration of solute is not constant and changes as adsorption proceeds. The extension is that we applied Langmuir-Freundlich kinetic model instead of Langmuir kinetic model to consider the heterogeneity and therefore it is more applicable to the real systems. For solving Langmuir-Freundlich kinetic model, some geometric methods and also Taylor expansion were used and finally a simple and novel equation was derived (Eq. (20)) for calculation of adsorption rate constant. This new method was named "extended geometric method". The input data of the obtained equation can be simply derived from initial data of adsorption kinetics. Finally the adsorption of methyl orange onto granular activated carbon was carried out at dynamic and equilibrium conditions and the capabilities of extended geometric method were examined by the experimental data.     

不同后处理器对DMCC发动机PM排放的影响

在一台整车排放达到国Ⅲ标准的YC4D140电控单体泵增压中冷柴油机上加装甲醇喷射系统,改成柴油甲醇组合燃烧(DMCC)发动机.使用AVL 415S烟度计和DMS 500快速颗粒物光谱仪研究不同后处理器对DMCC发动机颗粒物(PM)排放的影响.试验结果表明,各工况下单独CDPF、DOC+CDPF基本可以消除发动机产生的干炭烟.DOC+CDPF后处理方式与单独CDPF相比,颗粒物捕集效率明显提高,且前者对颗粒物中核态部分的捕集效果更加突出.甲醇掺烧后,炭烟和颗粒物几何平均直径降低.经CDPF和DOC+CDPF处理,415S烟度计测得的炭烟进一步降低;DMS颗粒物光谱仪显示的颗粒物粒径,因其中核态部分大部被氧化捕集而仅余较大几何平均直径的部分.小负荷时经CDPF和DOC+CDPF处理,颗粒物的几何平均直径会增大,大负荷时则相反.各工况下相比于CDPF,DOC+CDPF对核态颗粒物捕集更有效.     

工频电磁场生理危害的研究进展

许多流行病学调查和实验室研究提示了工频电磁场（PFEMF）暴露与白血病、肿瘤、胚胞异常等发病率上升存在相关性,但同时也有相当的实验未观察到PFEMF的效应．在理论上分析了微弱电磁场作用机制的争议,并根据非线性分又理论分析,肯定了PFEMF的潜在危害,进一步指出这种危害是一种随机现象．回顾了近年来提出的PFEMF危害机制和模型,认为研究应结合各种非线性理论．     

自然资源的库兹涅茨曲线:来自中国省级面板数据的证据

本文运用1978-2011年我国30个省份的面板数据,对我国省级层面资源丰裕度与经济增长的关系进行了检验.研究发现,我国省级层面资源丰裕度与经济增长之间的关系并不是单一线性的,而是一种非线性的动态演变关系.当使用其他资源丰裕度和经济增长的指标进行稳健性检验,这种强烈的非线性关系仍然存在.更进一步,对自然资源作用经济增长的机制进行实证检验,结果显示:长期中丰裕的自然资源会通过降低人力资本和物质资本的投资对经济结构产生“诅咒”;恶化政府与市场的关系、阻碍非国有经济的发展、中介组织的发育和法律的完善等,从而对政治制度产生“诅咒”.     

基于移动监测的城市街谷交通相关污染物浓度时空变化研究

为更好认识城市街谷内的大气污染特征和提供城市街谷优化设计的实证参考,本文以干旱区绿洲城市乌鲁木齐市北京南路为例,采用移动监测技术,分析了城市街谷大气污染物(CO、PM2.5)的时空分布,并识别其主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)早高峰空气质量优于晚高峰;交叉路口处污染物浓度普遍较低,但苏州路立交桥下污染物浓度较高;(2)两种污染物同源,其浓度与固定站点监测数据高度相关,风向与街谷成锐角时污染物浓度较低,风速较大时污染物浓度较高,污染物浓度与车流量相关程度较低;(3)街谷两侧建筑物高度比在[1.5,2)之间,污染物浓度较低,在[1,1.5)之间,污染物浓度较高;路网密度在[12,14)之间,污染物浓度较低,[12,14)之间的道路密度能够最大程度的降低街谷内污染物浓度。     

二维地下水水量水质管理模型

通过数值方法建立了抽水井水质与注水井水质的非线性响应关系，采用非线性的多项式函数形式，应用Ｍａｒｑｕａｒｄｔ法拟合，在管理模型的求解中应用Ａｖｒｉｅｌ－Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ法处理负系数问题。实例计算结果表明，几何规划法的应用是可行的，该方法可应用于多排注水，抽水井情况。     

1980年以来中国大宗作物空间格局变化分析

利用1980～2014年间的大宗作物(玉米、水稻、小麦、棉花、油菜)面积数据,以省级行政区为研究单元,采用多种数理统计和GIS空间分析技术,结合同期作物之间的竞争性用地关系,对全国上述五类大宗作物的空间分布格局及其变化特征进行分析.研究结果表明:玉米的空间分布相对较均衡;小麦的空间格局总的变化不明显但是省际分布最不均衡;棉花近30 a来空间格局变化极其显著,其面积重心从河南境内不断地向西北地区移动,目前位于甘肃省境内;油菜的面积重心自湖北境内不断地向南推移到湖南境内,水稻的面积重心则自江西境内逐渐向北移动到湖北境内.另外,部分区域的同期作物(如油菜与小麦、棉花与春玉米)空间格局变化存在明显的“消-长”关系,特别是在甘肃和内蒙,油菜小麦的面积变化有着极强的负相关性,其pearson系数低于-0.8.作物种植的成本收益变化是造成这些大宗作物空间格局变化的主要原因,城市化发展的程度、农民非农就业机会的高低、同期作物之间的比较效益差距等也是这些大宗作物时空格局产生变化的重要原因.     

Optimization of thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector systems based on GA-BP neural network model

The aim of this paper is to optimize the thermal performance (system output energy, thermal efficiency, and heat loss of cavity absorber) of parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) systems in order to improve its thermal performance, based on the genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network model. There are a number of undefined problems, fuzzy or incomplete information and a complex thermal performance of the PTC systems. Therefore, the thermal performance prediction of the PTC systems based on GA-BP neural network model was developed. Subsequently, the metrics performances have been adopted to comprehensively understand the algorithm and evaluate the prediction accuracy. Results revealed that the GA-BP neural network model can be successfully used to predict the complex nonlinear relationship between the input variables and thermal performance of the PTC systems. The cosine effect has a great influence on the thermal performance; thereby the geometrical structure of the PTC systems was optimized. It was found that the optimized geometrical structure was beneficial to improve the thermal performance of the PTC system. In conclusion, the GA-BP neural network model has higher prediction accuracy than the other algorithm and it can be feasible and reliable.     

Global Grids from Recursive Diamond Subdivisions of the Surface of an Octahedron or Icosahedron

In recent years a number of methods have been developed for subdividing the surface of the earth to meet the needs of applications in dynamic modeling, survey sampling, and information storage and display. One set of methods uses the surfaces of Platonic solids, or regular polyhedra, as approximations to the surface of the earth. Diamond partitions are similar to recursive subdivisions of the triangular faces of either the octahedron or icosahedron. This method views the surface as either four (octahedron) or ten (icosahedron) tessellated diamonds, where each diamond is composed of two adjacent triangular faces of the figure. The method allows for a recursive partition on each diamond, creating nested sub-dimaonds, that is implementable as a quadtree, including the provision for a Peano or Morton type coding system for addressing the hierarchical pattern of diamonds and their neighborhoods, and for linearizing storage. Furthermore, diamond partitions, in an aperture-4 hierarchy, provide direct access through the addressing system to the aperture-4 hierarchy of hexagons developed on the figure. Diamond partitions provide a nested hierarchy of grid cells for applications that require nesting and diamond cells have radial symmetry for those that require this property. Finally, diamond partitions can be cross-referenced with hierarchical triangle partitions used in other methods.     

Voronoi尾流规避下的风电场布局安全性研究

为了降低尾流对风电场稳定输出和风力机发电性能的危害,在现存风电场风力机布置优化布局方法下,提出结合1种基于几何约束辅助的Voronoi图的全新优化方法,对现行的几种代表性的风电场布局进行二次迭代优化,并利用WAsP软件对优化前后的布局做对照数值仿真计算。研究结果表明:优化后的布局可有效规避尾流效应,提高风电系统的稳定输出性和安全供电,并提高风电能量利用率。本文以Voronoi几何生成特性为研究核心,在总结一般规律下,结合程序化计算思维、人工智能、计算机图形学算法等知识,深入探讨Voronoi风场布局计算模拟仿真的未来应用可行性,得出其提高精度的有效方法,同时为风电场布局理论和其他学科的交叉融合提供创新思路。