盐度渐变过程对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)幼鱼渗透调节的影响

为了解盐度渐变对黄条鰤(Seriola aureovittata)渗透调节的影响,设置自然海水(对照组盐度为29),5,10,15,20,35六个盐度梯度,并对不同盐度下幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP 酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压进行了检测和分析。结果显示:在盐度5~35,黄条鰤尿、血清、血浆的渗透压均随盐度升高而升高,盐度为35时渗透压均为最高,其中尿的渗透压显著高于血清和血浆渗透压。在盐度从29下降的过程中,鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力、离子浓度、渗透压呈现相似的变化规律,都随着盐度的降低而呈现总体下降的趋势;盐度从29升高到35时,各检测指标中仅有尿和血浆的K+ 含量无显著变化(P >0.05),其余均显著升高(P <0.05)。实验结果表明,黄条鰤生存和繁衍的自然海水盐度29是幼鱼存活的适宜盐度,在略低的盐度20~29均能较快适应,说明在盐度渐变过程中,黄条鰤幼鱼对外界盐度变化有较强的调节能力。     

尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝演化规律试验研究

为分析尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的演化规律,采用物理模型试验方法建立尾矿库漫顶溃坝演化模型。在自主研制的尾矿库溃坝模拟试验平台上,以国内某尾矿库为研究对象,基于非恒定水流泥沙非平衡非饱和冲刷机理,根据模型相似理论和溃决侵蚀模型原理,模拟尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝过程,建立尾矿库漫顶溃坝演化模型。试验结果表明,尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝位移与坝体饱和程度有关,坝体浸润线越高,尾矿库溃坝时滑动位移越大,溃口破坏程度取决于溢流对坝体的冲刷侵蚀作用;在该试验条件下,获得尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝过程中坝体位移、浸润线高度、溃口最大流速和溃口的演化规律。降低坝体浸润线高度、增大安全干滩长度、铺设坝面引流明渠等措施有助于减少尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的灾害破坏。     

尾矿坝地质生态环境风险防护措施分析

尾矿坝的环境风险主要是发生溃坝后对生态环境、水环境造成的不良影响。发生溃坝事故的根源是尾矿坝存在隐患，主要原因有先天因素和后天因素两种，先天因素主要有：尾矿坝建设前期工作中，对自然条件了解不够、尾矿坝设计不当、尾矿坝施工质量不良等；后天因素主要是在尾矿坝生产运行中，由不具备专业知识的人员管理，未按设计要求或有关规定执行。因此，预防溃坝的环境风险防护措施，要从防洪设计、增强坝体稳定性及加强管理等方面进行。     

A process perspective on psychological contract change: Making sense of,and repairing,psychological contract breach and violation through employee coping actions

Psychological contracts are dynamic, but few studies explore the processes driving change and how employees influence them. By adopting a process approach with a teleological change lens, and drawing upon the sensemaking and coping literatures, this study positions individuals as active and adaptive agents driving contract change. Employing a mixed methodology, with a four‐wave longitudinal survey (n = 107 graduate newcomers) and qualitative interviews (n = 26 graduate newcomers), the study focuses on unfolding events and develops an “adaptive remediation” process model aimed at unraveling contract dynamics. The model demonstrates how breach or violation events trigger sensemaking, resulting in initially negative employee reactions and a “withdrawal” of perceived contributions, before individuals exercise their agency and enact coping strategies to make sense of, and adapt and respond to, these discrepancies. A process of contract “repair” could then occur if the coping actions (termed “remediation effects”) were effective, with individuals returning to positive exchange perceptions. These actions either directly addressed the breach and repaired both it and the psychological contract (termed “remedies”) or involved cognitive reappraisal of the broader work environment and repaired the contract but not the breach (termed “buffers”). The results highlight the unfolding, processual nature of psychological contracting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Disaster Management for Nandira Watershed District Angul (Orissa) India, Using Temporal Remote Sensing Data and Gis

NALCO – the largest exporter of aluminium in India has a power plant of 720 MW capacity in Nandira watershed in Angul district of Orissa. The power plant utilises local coal to generate thermal power and disposes of large amount of ash which accumulates in slurry form at nearby two ash ponds. These ash ponds were breached on 31 December 2000, causing ash accumulation for entire regime of the Nandira river. An attempt has been made towards preparation of recovery and rehabilitation plan for NALCO using temporal Remote Sensing data and GIS. Indian remote sensing satellite data for pre-breach condition 12 December 2000, during breach event 31 December 2000 and post-breach condition 4 and 6 January 2001 has been digitally analysed for Nandira watershed. The satellite data of coarse spatial resolution provides the absence and presence of fresh sediment deposition along Nandira watershed and Brahmani river pertaining to pre-breach and post-breach conditions respectively on regional scales. The temporal comparison of fine resolution has clearly highlighted the aerial extent of damage caused by the disaster for entire watershed on local scales. The GIS has helped in demarcation of freshly accumulated ash at interval of 500 m along the river length as well as in delineation of maximum ash accumulation across the river width. The study has clearly demonstrated the use of temporal Remote Sensing data in conjunction with GIS for disaster management in terms of recovery and rehabilitation plan preparation of the Nandira watershed.     

人类承载力"K值"影响因素

人类承载力“K值”表示地球能承载人口的极限值。“K值”的影响因素的繁多以及相互间的联系使得“K值”确切数值的计算成为一项非常艰巨的任务。通过分析人类与自然的关系，探讨人类承载力的微观影响因素及其相互关系，从开放生态系统的性质讨论人类承载力的宏观影响因素。从而得出人类承载力受渐变和突变因素的结合控制。以此揭开承载和调控人类种群的机理并预测“K值”的可能发展趋势，达到避免计算“K值”确切数值而又能提出人口增长对策和可持续发展的指导意见的目的。     

模糊综合评判法在冰湖溃决危险度划分中的应用——以西藏自治区洛扎县为例

选择海拔高度、冰湖面积、距现代冰川冰舌前端距离、终碛堤坝宽度、背水坡坡度、主沟床纵比降、主沟床松散固体物质丰富程度、主沟沿程及下游有无居民点及公共设施八个因素作为冰湖溃决危险度划分的主要因素,应用模糊层次分析法确定了各因素的权重,并运用模糊关系理论建立了冰湖溃决危险度的评价方法,将其应用于西藏自治区洛扎县境内14个冰湖,结果与实际情况基本一致,表明该方法是可行的。     

基于GECM与CA+ANN模型的土地资源优化配置与模拟

土地资源优化配置是土地科学研究的热点。论文在前人研究成果的基础上,以多目标动态规划方法中的逐步宽容约束(GECM)方法为基础,以社会、经济和生态效益为系统目标,设置8个方面的GECM约束条件,对广州市花都区2020年土地利用结构进行优化配置研究,并将土地利用结构优化配置结果作为约束条件,结合人工神经网络与元胞自动机(ANN+CA)模型对研究区土地利用空间布局进行模拟。研究结果表明:①GECM是一种较好的土地利用结构优化方法,花都区2008年建设用地规模(23 097 hm²)接近于2020年的合理用地水平(28 800 hm²);②ANN+CA可以实现土地资源的空间配置与模拟,通过GECM与ANN+CA的耦合进行土地资源优化配置的结果比较符合花都区的实际情况,模拟的方案更具合理性,能实现区域土地资源优化配置的时间与空间的统一。     

尾矿坝渐溃的尾砂泄流理论模型与泄砂量计算

为了建立适用于工程上运用的尾矿坝漫顶逐渐溃坝的尾砂出流计算模型,利用细颗粒泥沙的悬移质运动形式,及含沙浑水的流态变化,建立了理论泄流模型。同时,根据溃坝过程的不同时期,给出了适宜的溃坝水流的流量计算公式、尾砂颗粒的沉速计算方法、挟沙力的计算方法以及浑水容重的计算式。该计算模型有助于渐溃泄沙量的预测,是尾矿坝漫顶逐渐溃坝模型的重要组成部分。     

莱钢煤气柜密封帘破损分析及对策

对莱钢炼钢厂2万m^2煤气柜密封橡胶布帘破损原因进行分析的基础上，提出了有效的预防措施，效果显著。