Significant developments in sustainable development law and governance: A proposal

This article develops a practical proposal for progress on sustainable development law. It examines the prospects for an international sustainable development law to provide a framework for more effective, coherent governance. Sustainable development law is briefly defined and an analytical framework is provided. Different degrees of integration between economic, social and environmental law are described. Certain principles of international law related to sustainable development are also highlighted. It is argued that these principles may serve to guide law‐makers and jurists where social, economic and environmental law and policy conflict or overlap. Continuing, underlying questions of sustainable development governance are addressed and its global frameworks analysed. The article also focuses on the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August‐September 2002, and its specific mandate for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) to take related legal developments into account. The article advances a proposal: that governments, economic, social and environmental intergovernmental organizations and other actors establish a ‘network of inquiry’ with members from relevant groups, including legal and academic organizations, and other expert groups, in order to follow, research, analyse and debate legal developments in a balanced way.     

When unequals are treated equally: the 2002 commission of inquiry into Orica's Geomelt proposal

This paper deals with the Commission of Inquiry (COI) established by the NSW Department of Planning to examine Orica's proposal to build a Geomelt plant at its Botany site to destroy its stockpile of Hexachlorobenzene. The Inquiry is analysed in light of the literature on democracy/democratisation. The paper argues that the standard operating procedures of the Inquiry ensured that all stakeholders were treated equally. However, this equality was found to be purely formal, and drawing on the critique of formal equality dating back to Aristotle, it is argued that treating unequals equally results in the circumvention of deliberative democratic ideals by perpetuating entrenched structural inequalities while nonetheless giving the superficial appearance of fair play.     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测工况检查的探讨

工况检查是建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的先决性条件,只有在工况满足相关要求的前提下,才能准确反映环保设施的正常运行情况及污染物正常排放情况.根据建设项目环境保护管理条例中的有关规定,在实际工作中根据不同企业的生产情况摸索出询问、查看、现场监测的工况检查方式.通过验收实例分析建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的一些做法,列表从询问、查看、现场监测三个方面对不同类型企业进行分析,提出验收监测工况的检查没有固定模式,它们是交叉进行,彼此不是孤立存在.     

Institutionalising social learning: Towards systemic and adaptive governance

This paper critically examines how public policy makers limit policy and other institutional design choices by a failure to appreciate (i) how situations may be characterised or framed; (ii) how practices that generate neologisms (invented terms or concepts) or reify (make into a thing) abstract concepts can displace understandings, and (iii) the epistemological bases of governance mechanism choices. An inquiry into the coining of the neologisms ‘wicked’ and ‘tame’ problems is reported and the implications for research and policy practice explored. As practices, neologising, reifying, categorising and typologising have unintended consequences – they remove us from the primary experiences and underlying emotions that provided the motivation for formulating these concepts in the first place. The failure to institutionalise the understandings and experiences that sit behind the invention of the terms ‘wicked’ and ‘tame’ problems (or similar framing choices such as ‘problematique’, ‘messes’, ‘lowland real-life swamps’, ‘resource dilemmas’ or ‘complex adaptive systems’) present systemic constraints to institutionalising social learning as an alternative yet complementary governance mechanism within an overall systemic and adaptive governance framework. Ultimately situations usefully framed as ‘wicked’,’ such as water managing and climate change are problems of relationship – of human beings with the biosphere. Re-framings, such as institutions as social technologies and other research and praxis traditions concerned with the breakdown of relationships may offer ways forward in the purposeful designing and crafting of more effective institutions.     

Forests in common: Learning from diversity of community forest arrangements in Europe

Europe has a wealth of community forest arrangements. This paper aims to transcend the diversity of locally specific terms and forms, to highlight the value of considering them inclusively. Building on methods to make sense of diversity, we use reflexive grounded inquiry in fifteen cases in Italy, Scotland, Slovenia and Sweden. Within four dimensions (forest, community, relationships between them, and relationships with wider society), we identify 43 subdimensions to describe them collectively. Our approach shows how European arrangements contribute to wider discourses of collective natural resource management. Both tradition and innovation in Europe inform options for environmental governance. Arrangements challenge the distinction between ‘communities of place’ and ‘communities of interest’, with implications for social and environmental justice. They exemplify multilevel environmental governance through both vertical and horizontal connections. Emerging from long histories of political and environmental pressures, they have a role in enhancing society’s connection with nature and adaptive capacity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01377-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.     

环境工程中的污水处理技术探究

随着我国在社会发展过程中对环境保护重视程度逐渐提升,污染处理技术借助科技大发展,不断得到革新改善。污水处理作为环境工程中一项重要内容,虽然所受重视度很高,但实际解决中还是存在很多困难。本文就环境工程中污水处理重要意义分析,详细介绍了当下几种处理技术,并提出促进建议,希望可以在污水处理工作中有所帮助。     

上海市水环境应急监测设备查询系统开发研究

对水环境应急现场快速检测设备查询系统的需求进行了探讨;对国内外常用环境应急监测数据库的优缺点进行研究比较;从6个方面对设备库的研制内容进行描述并分类。     

Unpacking the post‐Haiyan disaster resettlement narratives of young Filipino women informal settlers in Tacloban City,Philippines

Post‐disaster resettlement narratives encapsulate the complex mobile–spatial processes that are embedded in a post‐disaster context. The existing literature on disaster relocation and resettlement accords primacy to the logistical, practical, structural, and physical dimensions of residential transitioning. Building on this knowledge, this study conducted a spatial narrative inquiry to generate a link to mobile–spatial realities interspersed in diverse temporal trajectories. It did so by tracking the embodied rhythms of people and objects evoked through the retelling of post‐disaster resettlement stories by 12 young Filipino women informal settlers. The key findings are organised in three spatial narratives: ‘house near the sea'; ‘there at the bunkhouse'; and ‘here in Ridgeview'. These narratives are anchored in the overarching dimensions that underpin Filipino informal settlers’ experiences of (not) moving in and out of disaster resettlement areas. Lastly, the findings are explained in the light of the theoretical, empirical, and practical implications of disaster resettlement specific to informal settlers.     

政府主导农地流转的价格机制及政策效应研究

为适应农村劳动力转移、解决今后谁来种粮、发展现代农业所衍生的政府主导农地流转现象,有其现实背景和政策逻辑,并能在短期内带来农地规模经营的正向预期。但现实中,很多时候政府行为很难"合意"其政策目标,这使得探究政府行为对农地流转市场和经营行为的影响及其政策效应具有农业供给侧结构性改革背景下的时代意义。基于此,本文依据全国11个国家现代农业示范区调研数据和资料,对政府主导行为对流转市场的分割、价格机制的作用,承包户询价逻辑的激励及短期平均成本的影响进行了分析,同时构建Translog形式成本函数,对政府主导和市场配置两种方式下的农地经营"成本弹性"进行了测度和估计。结果显示:1政府行为放大需求弹性诱致"地租乘数"促使流转价格溢价;2政府介入流转扭曲了流转市场供求关系,将原本市场配置下的供需均衡变为有利于"卖方垄断"的供需失衡;3承包户议价地位提升后基于"劳动力双重成本负担"的询价逻辑又助推了流转溢价的"棘轮效应";4依靠政府主导流转而非市场配置所形成的大规模农地经营,其成本弹性未显现可预期的小于1,即未出现规模效益与成本随规模扩张递减。政府行为与政策效应背离,有其深层次的认识误区及其行为逻辑谬误。表现在:一是错误认为推动农地规模流转可以实现农业规模经营是直接原因;二是执拗相信只要扩大农地经营规模就能提高劳动生产率是其主因;三是渴望借助农机替代劳动力进而实现规模效应和收益最大化,试图套用所谓的"工业化大生产理念"谋划农地经营是其动因所在;四是政府行为扰乱市场配置资源作用造成政策效应失灵。     

基于GIS的城市SEE信息查询系统研究

基于数字城市的理念,将信息技术和社会经济环境(SEE)问题结合起来,将GIS与网络技术相结合,基于GIS空间分析功能中的空间查询和量算功能,提出了城市SEE信息查询系统的框架,实现了城市生态环境及可持续发展基础信息的整理。