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1.
Ellen-Marie Forsberg 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2007,20(5):455-468
The ethical matrix approach was developed by Prof Ben Mepham and his colleagues at the University of Nottingham in the early
1990s. Since then the approach has received increasing attention and has been used by several researchers in different projects
related to assessing ethical impacts of different food production technologies and other policy options of societal concern.
The ethical matrix is sometimes understood simply as a checklist of ethical concerns, but might also be seen as a guide to
coming to conclusions on moral questions. The problem I discuss in this paper relates to how using the ethical matrix method
as a decision guide can be combined with respecting pluralism. The aim of the paper is to suggest a framework making it possible
to – at the same time – enhance public justification of judgments and respect pluralism. I argue that pluralism is fundamental
to the ethical matrix approach; I distinguish between intuitionist principled pluralism and societal value pluralism; and I show how both kinds of pluralism imply restrictions on how conclusions can be made. No substantive moral decision
principles can be allowed. Still, I argue, decision principles of a more epistemological or procedural character can be acceptable
even within pluralism. The pragmatist principle of inquiry is defended as an account of moral problem solving compatible with
both principled pluralism and value pluralism. When an ethical matrix is used within such a participatory inquiry process
substantive conclusions can be drawn. 相似文献
2.
分析了湖南省城镇化进程中存在的主要问题,提出了湖南省城镇化进程的基本思路,和全面推进我省城镇化进程的若干政策性建议. 相似文献
3.
The goals of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) can be achieved by embracing the principles of distributive governance, which places both customary and statutory water institutions on the same pedestal in the governance of water resources. As culture and traditions constitute intangible aspects of water resources management in rural Africa, the recognition of water governance systems grounded in local norms, which correspond better with the aspirations of local water users as against the expert-knowledge systems is desirable. Following the introduction of the statutory institutions in postcolonial Africa, customary institutions, which were once effective in regulating water resources became relegated to the background in those countries, including Botswana . Adopting a critical literature review approach, this article employs the concept of legal pluralism to analyze the institutional factors that create the disharmony between cultural and statutory water governance and management institutions. Findings indicate that water has been abstracted from its social nature and transformed into a tradable economic good. Ultimately, the local meanings and images encoded in water as a nature-given resource are overlooked, thus generating conflicts in water governance. The paper recommends the adoptions of legal pluralism under which water institutions need to embrace both customary and statutory institutions. 相似文献
4.
This special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics presents so-called ethical tools that are developed to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects
of agricultural biotechnologies. This paper firstly clarifies the intended connotations of the term “ethical tools” and argues
that such tools can support liberal democracies to cope with the issues that are raised by the application of genetic modification
and other modern biotechnologies in agriculture and food production. The paper secondly characterizes the societal discussion
on agricultural biotechnology and defends the thesis that normative perspectives fuel this discussion, so one cannot come
to grips with this discussion if one neglects these perspectives. The paper thirdly agrues that no such thing exists as “one”
societal debate in which these issues should be discussed. There are several interwined debates, and different actors participate
in different discourses. Some practical instruments are necessary in order to include the right issues in these debates. These
instruments will be coined as “ethical tools,” since they are practical instruments that can be used (tools) in order to support
debates and deliberative structures for a systematic engagement with ethical issues (hence, ethical tools). Finally, the
paper clarifies the ethics of these ethical tools and presents the tools as discussed in the remainder of this special issue:
1) tools to include ethical issues in public consulation and involvement; 2) tools to support systematic reflection upon ethical
issues in decision-making; and 3) tools to support explicit communication about values in the food chain. 相似文献
5.
经过三年的灾后重建,汶川地震灾区经济得以恢复和发展。然而在国家大规模重建资金及社会无偿捐赠的拉动效应基本结束的后重建时期,汶川地震灾区经济发展的可持续性受到严峻挑战,资金来源成为解决问题的关键。通过对地震灾区恢复重建时期融资和后重建时期融资进行比较,有针对性地提出了后重建时期汶川地震灾区满足融资需求的几点建议。 相似文献
6.
Kristoffer Lidn 《Disasters》2019,43(Z2):S210-S229
The principle of the Protection of Civilians (PoC) in armed conflict has ethical repercussions in various actions undertaken by states and international organisations, from humanitarian relief, development aid, and peacekeeping, to warfare and military intervention. While the ethics of humanitarian intervention are instructive in this regard, most PoC practices should be conceived rather as modes of humanitarian governance across borders—from interventionist to resilience‐oriented kinds. The consequences of this for the ethics of PoC are explored in this paper, highlighting questions of power, culture, and complicity. By relating these questions to the ethical strands of solidarist and pluralist internationalism, it positions the ethics of PoC within the broader field of the ethics of world politics. Examples are drawn from recent scholarly debate on PoC efforts in war‐torn countries such as South Sudan. This analysis of the ethics of PoC reconfigures central positions in the debate on humanitarian intervention to an era of global humanitarian governance. 相似文献
7.
Giancarlo Barbiroli 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(3):261-270
SUMMARY A definition of technological pluralism and diversity is presented, together with a concept of viability, within the context of sustainable development. The existing contrast with technological homogeneity is also discussed in order to show that the former concept is a necessary prerequisite for the pursuit of sustainability, whereas the latter has led to a process of cultural homogenisation, with the generally acknowledged repercussions for past and present forms of development. The availability of a number of different viable options can be considered a fundamental prerequisite for the most appropriate choice to be made by both producers and consumers; whereas, if only one technical solution is available and ready to be implemented (or requires only marginal modifications), then producers from the various socioeconomic sectors are obliged to implement that solution. This may sometimes have its advantages but very often will have serious drawbacks which may well impede the pursuit of sustainability. The question of the current form of product diversification is also analysed to see whether it may be advantageous within a sustainable society, and to discover if there is any contrast between this type of diversification and technological pluralism/diversity, and how this contrast may be overcome. 相似文献
8.
Bryan G. Norton 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2007,20(4):387-405
Critics of my book, Sustainability, have raised many objections which are addressed. In general, I emphasize that the book is an integrative work; it must be
long and complex beause it attempts a comprehensive treatment of problems of communication, of evaluation, and of management
action in environmental discourse. I explain that I depend upon the pragmatists and on work in the pragmatics of language
because the current language of environmental policy discourse is inadequate to allow deliberative processes that can reach
consensus and cooperative actions. I revise my account of risk analysis somewhat, and defend my broad approach to the concept
of sustainability. Finally, I discuss applications of my book to the current situation in environmental policy discourse. 相似文献
9.
Henrik Åhman 《Local Environment》2013,18(10):1153-1166
Since the late 1980s, much of the debate on sustainability has been dominated by ecological perspectives. However, the last decade has seen an increasing interest in the social aspects of sustainability. While, to some extent, general consensus has been reached regarding the definitions of ecological sustainability, the definition of social sustainability is still in the making. Therefore, there is a need for conceptual frameworks and theoretical constructs in order to develop the understanding of social sustainability further. This article addresses the lack of theorisation and is composed of three different sections. The first section is a literature overview covering some of the most influential texts on social sustainability. The second section introduces and relates a number of existing, polemically constructed theoretical frameworks. In the third section, Jacques Derrida's theory of différance is used to suggest a way of understanding the relationship between the oppositional positions identified in the frameworks. 相似文献
10.
Liberal societies are characterized by respect for a fundamental value pluralism; i.e., respect for individuals’ rights to
live by their own conception of the good. Still, the state must make decisions that privilege some values at the cost of others.
When public ethics committees give substantial ethical advice on policy related issues, it is therefore important that this
advice is well justified. The use of explicit tools for ethical assessment can contribute to justifying advice. In this article,
I will discuss one approach to ethical assessment, the ethical matrix method. This method is a variant of intuitionist balancing.
Intuitionism is characterized by stressing the existence of several (at least two) fundamental prima facie moral principles, between which there is no given rank order. For some intuitionist approaches, coherentism has been proposed
as a model of justification. This article will discuss justification of ethical advice and evaluate the appropriateness of
coherentism as a justificatory approach to intuitionist tools. 相似文献