7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA钢短期腐蚀的电化学行为研究

目的研究7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA合金钢试样的电化学性能。方法采用电化学实验、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、腐蚀坑深度测试分别对7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA合金钢试样在是否经过天然海水浸泡的情况下进行测试分析,得到微观腐蚀形貌和腐蚀坑深度以及试样表面不带锈和带锈时的电化学性能。结果随着Na Cl浓度增大,7B04铝合金和30CrMnSiA钢的自腐蚀电流变大,两者之间存在明显的电位差,接触后会发生电偶腐蚀。电偶电流与阴阳极面积比和Na Cl浓度有关,阴阳极面积比增大或Na Cl浓度升高均会导致电偶效应增强。经过海水短期浸泡后,7B04铝合金表面的锈层不仅没有起到抑制腐蚀的作用,反而使自腐蚀加重,但电偶效应确实有所减弱。结论沿海设备在使用过程中应竭力避免铝合金在锈层下工作。     

冬小麦条锈病害与常规胁迫的定量化识别研究——高光谱应用

通过对人工田间诱发条锈病与常规的水胁迫及肥水协同胁迫的处理,分析获取的地物光谱数据及提取的归一化植被指数(NDVI)和光化学植被指数(PRI),定性地研究了条锈病害胁迫与常规胁迫条件下冬小麦冠层光谱特征的差异和规律,并进一步利用高光谱对冬小麦条锈病与常规胁迫进行了定量化的识别研究。选用NDVI和PRI建立二维空间坐标,形成病害胁迫、常规的水胁迫及肥水协同胁迫植被指数的空间分布散点图,结果表明NDVI值大于4.324×PRI 0.976的区域即为条锈病胁迫发生区域。经验证,上述定量化表达的分类识别精度达到了70%以上。     

Si对碳钢耐大气腐蚀性能影响的电化学研究

利用实验室周期浸润加速腐蚀试验来研究不同Si含量的试验钢的平均腐蚀速率.测定试验钢带锈试样的阳极极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,从失重和电化学角度来评价试验钢的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,随着Si含量的增加,试验钢平均腐蚀速率增加,阳极极化电流增大,锈层电阻变小,试验钢锈层的保护能力变弱,说明Si的添加对试验钢耐工业大气腐蚀性能有恶化作用.     

景观锚链的近海大气腐蚀调查研究

在2007年3月对暴露于湛江观海长廊近8年的景观锚链进行了大气腐蚀调查和研究.现场调查结果显示,各站点锚链均受到不同程度的腐蚀,锈层呈黄褐色,站点2和站点3的锈层易剥落.锚链的扫描电镜结果表明,外表面锈层疏松多孔,并伴有大量的裂纹,内表面局部存在大量诱导腐蚀发生的微孔,表面锈层中均含有S元素和Cl元素.红外光谱分析结果显示,锚链表面锈层均有α-FeOOH.大气湿热气候、高含量的Cl-和H2S是锚链钢严重腐蚀及发生块状开裂的主要因素.     

航空装备腐蚀维护维修新材料研究进展

针对海洋环境下服役航空装备极易发生腐蚀的问题,介绍了清洗剂、去腐蚀产物膏、缓蚀剂等腐蚀维护维修新材料的研究进展,包括功能、分类、技术指标等。清洗剂用于航空装备的日常清洗、维护以及维修,去除油污等污染物,防止腐蚀;去腐蚀产物膏用于外场航空装备腐蚀产物的原位去除;缓蚀剂用于在不能对现役航空装备的防护体系进行大幅改动的情况下,针对海洋环境下航空装备的防腐蚀需求,对航空装备进行附加防护或临时防护。综合运用腐蚀维护维修新材料进行航空装备的腐蚀防护,可以预防和减少腐蚀的发生,及时对腐蚀部位进行修复,保障航空装备的使用性能和战斗力。     

Effective adsorption of quadrivalent cerium by synthesized laurylsulfonate green rust in a central composite design

The layered laurylsulfonate intercalated green rust (lauryl-S GR) was synthesized to evaluate the influence of synthesis parameters and aqueous conditions on the adsorption of Ce^IV. The maximum adsorption capacity of 305.58 mg/g by lauryl-S GR was predictably obtained. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in fitting the whole uptake process in a weak acid environment. Three isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were all reliable in depicting the isotherm adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of lauryl-S GR towards Ce^IV was 315.46 mg/g. Ce species including CeO and Ce₂O₃ besides CeO₂ were matched in the XPS distribution, directly indicating the reduction reaction brought by Fe^II in the GR occurred to hydrated Ce^IV ions during the adsorption. Nano-sized Ce particles attached to the lauryl-S GRs after the adsorption experiments were observed in the morphological characterization. Flocculated materials were formed on the surface of the lauryl-S GR at a pH of 7, which further reduced the active sites and disrupted the continuous uptake of Ce^IV to the lauryl-S GR. This study expands the application of GRs and supplies an ideal iron-based material for the construction of the affiliated recovery pathway to the traditional separation of Ce.     

铁锈及Fe(OH)3处理硫酸盐废水厌氧方法试验

投加铁锈或Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３可明显改善含高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的厌氧处理能力，使趋于失败的升流式厌氧污泥床ＵＡＳＢ恢复正常工作对ＳＯ４２－为５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤＣｒ为１５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的合成脂肪酸废水，在水力停留时间为４ｄ，由４０％以下的ＣＯＤ去除率提高到投加铁锈或Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３后的７３％和８２％，出口ｐＨ值由５３上升到７３，产甲烷气量由０.３Ｌ／ｄ上升为２２Ｌ／ｄ.并提出了Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３比铁锈在去除Ｓ２－干扰更有效，去除Ｓ２-干扰可使厌氧处理恢复正常     

杂散电流下新型阻锈剂对混凝土中氯离子扩散的影响

目的探寻混凝土在杂散电流和氯离子耦合作用下的腐蚀规律,研究新型阻锈剂的阻锈性能。方法运用电通量法和RCM法,对20 V杂散电流作用下,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能进行表征,设置空白组对照实验,对添加阻锈剂后,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能进行效果评价。结果在杂散电流和氯离子的共同作用下,混凝土结构腐蚀的倾向将变大,并且会加速腐蚀反应的进行。混凝土结构在通电48 h后,其电通量高达5778.67 C。与空白组相比,添加阻锈剂混凝土试块的氯离子扩散系数下降45.62%。结论添加4%阻锈剂的混凝土试块有着较好的抵抗氯离子渗透的能力。     

SVM application in hazard assessment: Self-heating for sulfurized rust

In order to assess the oxidation self-heating hazard of sulfurized rust, for particular ambient conditions in crude oil tanks, the support vector machine (SVM) technique is applied to predict the maximum temperature (T_max) of oxidation self-heating process. Five governing parameters are selected, i.e. the water content, mass of sulfurized rust, operating temperature, air flow rate and oxygen concentration in the respiratory/safety valve. The efficiency and validity of the SVM predictions are investigated in the case of two sets of data: more than 85 experiments performed in academic lab (China) and almost 17 additional results collected from existing literature. Two main steps are also discussed: the training process (on selected subsets of data) and prediction process (for the remaining subsets of data). It can be concluded that for both datasets the maximum temperature (T_max) values calculated by SVM technique were in good accordance with the experimental results, with relative errors smaller than 15% except for a few cases.The SVM technique seems therefore to be relevant and very helpful for complex implicit processes such as chemical reactions, as it is the case of the oxidation of sulfurized rust in oil tanks. Furthermore, such predictive methods can be continuously be improved through additional experiments feedback (larger databases) and can then be of crucial help for monitoring and early warning of hazardous reactions.     

Experimental investigation on oxidation of sulfurized rust in oil tank

Oxidation of sulfurized rust in oil tank is complicated, and it is influenced by numerous factors such as water content, air humidity, operating temperature etc. The paper focuses on the oxidation process of sulfurized rust in the wild. Firstly, samples collected from a petrochemical company were put into the sulfurization & oxidation experimental apparatus to gain wet and dry sulfurized rusts. Their chemical compositions and phase were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) -scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. The results showed that both wet and dry sulfurized rusts had S, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃S₄ and FeS₂, whereas FeS only existed in wet sulfurized rust. The two kinds of rusts gave a short length of side, diamond appearance and a large pore size in structure. Then oxidation of wet sulfurized rust was investigated, which included electrochemical reaction stage, electrochemical & chemical reaction coexisting stage and chemical reaction stage. The final oxidation product of wet sulfurized was determined to be Fe₂O₃. On the basis of this study, an indicator for monitoring and early-warning was proposed to prevent plants in vicinity of the accidental vessel or tank from fire and explosion.