重庆市重要生态功能区生态系统服务动态变化

借助遥感数据和GIS空间分析技术,选取生物多样性维持、土壤保持、水源涵养和固碳4种生态系统服务建立评估模型,对2000—2010年重庆市域内3个重要生态功能区——三峡库区水源涵养重要区(下称三峡重要区)、秦巴山区水源涵养重要区(下称秦巴重要区)和都市区“四山”生态屏障重要区(下称“四山”重要区)生态系统服务的时空变异特征进行综合研究. 结果表明:①2000—2010年,三峡重要区4种生态系统服务均呈增强趋势. ②秦巴重要区内,生物多样性维持和水源涵养功能总体较好,并且持续增强；固碳功能有所减弱,该时段内固碳功能高等级面积减少了931.90 km2. ③“四山”重要区土壤保持和水源涵养功能有所增强,生物多样性维持和固碳功能略有减弱. ④重庆市重要生态功能区生态系统服务以中和较高等级分布为主,空间差异较大,异质性明显. 生态系统服务较好区域主要分布在渝东北秦巴山区以及中西部植被覆盖较好的山脊；市域中部长寿、垫江、涪陵等区县生态系统服务相对较弱. 10 a间,重庆市重要生态功能区生态系统服务总体呈变好趋势,但局部地区有所减弱,主要表现为秦巴和“四山”重要区固碳功能的降低. 

Dynamic Changes of Ecosystem Services of Key Ecological Function Areas in Chongqing, China

The temporal-spatial dynamics of ecosystem servics in terms of biodiversity maintenance, soil conservation, water protection and carbon fixation in the Key Ecological Function Area in Chongqing from 2000 to 2010 were studied based on remote sensing data using GIS spatial analysis. The results showed that:1) Four kinds of ecosystem services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Key Area were intensified over 2000-2010. 2) In the Qinba Mountain Key Area, both biodiversity maintenance and water protection functioned well in general, and tended to be improved during this period, while carbon fixation decreased by a high-level area of 931.90 km2. 3) In the Metropolitan “Four Mountains” Key Area, ecosystem services by soil conservation and water protection slightly increased, while biodiversity maintenance and carbon fixation functions decreased from 2000-2010. 4) Ecosystem services in the Chongqing Key Ecological Function Area featured medium and relative high levels with distinct regional differences and significant transitional zone characteristics. Relatively high level ecological function regions were mainly located in the northeast mountain area and the high vegetation covered ridges in the middle and western regions. The weak ecological function regions were located in middle counties of Changshou, Dianjiang and Fuling, and eastern counties of Wushan and Fengjie. Generally, the ecosystem services tended to be improved during the decade, but carbon sequestration function declined in some areas, for example, Qinba Mountainous Key Area and the Metropolitan “Four Mountains” Key Area.