宏观经济政策对资源环境保护的十大影响

从经济与环境关系的角度出发,探讨了国家宏观经济政策对环境的作用效应及其复杂性.结合大量实例,分析了价格、产业模式、贸易自由化、利率、贴现率、产权、补贴、投资导向、税收、就业及工资等宏观政策对资源环境保护的影响机制.结果表明:①旨在稳定生产与消费、调节市场和提高社会分配有效性的宏观经济政策,如资源价格、补贴等,由于人们对其缺乏系统的认识或对政策实施带来的后果预计不足,往往在短期内缓解经济矛盾的同时又产生了对资源环境保护的负作用;②旨在保持宏观经济大局稳定的调控手段如利率、贴现率等对于实现可持续发展是十分必要的,但由于私人与政府均存在短视的社会时间偏好等原因,也可能会对资源环境产生不利影响;③一些对经济增长和收入分配都会产生重要影响的宏观经济政策,如贸易自由化、投资导向、就业与工资政策、税收政策等,分别在不同程度上、直接或间接地影响着资源环境的利用与保护.因此应在综合分析基础上,结合中国实际,将环境考虑有效地纳入宏观经济决策体系,以促进中国下一步环境与经济的协调发展,并提出了一系列政策建议. 

Ten Major Impacts of Macroeconomic Policies on the Resource and Environmental Protection

From the aspect of relation between economy and environment,the impacts of national macroeconomic policies on the environment and the complicacy of such impacts was discussed.Through combining large numbers of relevant cases,the authors focused on analyzing the impact mechanism of macroeconomic policies such as price,industrial pattern,trade liberalization,interest rate,discount rate,proprietary,subsidy,investment orientation,taxation,employment and wage policy which are related to the protection of resources and environment.The result shows that: ① Some macroeconomic policies(such as resource price and subsidy) initiated to stabilize the production and consumption,adjust market failure and improve the efficiency of social distribution often have negative effects on the resource and environmental protection due to lack of systematic recognition of certain activities and insufficient estimation of the results arising from adopted policies,even if at the same time those macroeconomic policies may alleviate economic contradictions in a short term.② Some macroeconomic measures(such as interest rate and discount rate) initiated to maintain macroeconomic stability are very necessary to achieve sustainable development.However, because of some reasons e.g.short-term social time preference that both private person and governments have,those macroeconomic measures may also harm the resources and environment.③ Macroeconomic policies which have important impacts on economic growth and income distribution(such as trade liberalization,investment orientation,employment and wage policy and taxation policies) may directly or indirectly affect various changes in the utilization and protection of the resources and environment.Therefore,based on the comprehensive analysis and the current situation of China,it is necessary to efficiently integrate environmental aspects into macroeconomic policy-making system in order to promote the future coordinative development of the environment and economy in China.Finally, a series of policy suggestions were put forward.