基于体感温度的中国供暖需求分区

冬季,中国北方通过集中供暖提高室内温度,而非集中供暖的南方部分地区室内阴冷,对于供暖的需求日益显现。针对仅以空气温度为依据划分的现有中国供暖区与实际人体供暖需求不一致的问题,利用1971～2010年全国740个气象站点旬气候资料,基于综合空气温度和空气湿度的体感温度模型,分析了体感温度的空间分布格局,重新界定了公里级的中国供暖需求分区。分区结果显示供暖需求高的区域(最高需求区及高需求区)面积比现有的集中供暖区大,增加的供暖需求高的地区主要位于长江中下游地区。新的供暖需求分区结果考虑了空气湿度的影响,与现有的仅考虑空气温度的供暖分区相比,更接近人体对室内冷热程度的直观感受,这可以为我国不同地区制定冬季采暖政策提供科学依据。

Heating Demand Zoning in China Based on Apparent Temperature

In winter, indoor temperature is kept by district heating in northern China, while human feels cold indoors in southern parts of the non-district heating areas. The demand for heating is increasing as time goes on. To resolve the inconsistency between the existing air temperature-based heating zone and actual human heating feeling demand, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution of apparent temperature and redefined the kilometer-scale heating demand zone of China with ten-day winter climate dataset of 740 meteorology stations from 1971 to 2010, combining an apparent temperature model involved air temperature and air humidity. The result shows that the high heating demand region, including Highest and High heating demand, is larger than the existing heating region. And the extended high heating demand region is mainly located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Compared to existing heating zoning, which only considers air temperature, the new heating demand zoning result takes air humidity into account and reflects the human intuitive feelings of indoor cold and heat. This research may provide a scientific view for policy making of winter heating in various regions of China.