湖南省生态足迹与生态承载力的动态变化分析

生态足迹是定量研究区域可持续发展的一种重要方法。为了定量评价湖南省可持续发展程度的动态变化，利用生态足迹理论，计算分析了湖南省1998--2006年间的生态足迹变化过程。结果表明，湖南省人均生态足迹由1998年的1．2441hm。上升至2006年的1．6377hm^2；人均生态承载力由1998年的0．4819hm^2减少为2006年的0．4556hm^2，人均生态赤字由1998年的0．7622hm0上升到2006年的1．1821hm0。生态赤字逐年提高，生态足迹与生态承载力之间的矛盾加剧，区域生态环境处于不安全状态。生态足迹供需结构分析表明，湖南省人均生态足迹供需存在严重的不平衡，其需求以草地、耕地是构成湖南省人均生态足迹的主要组成部分，分别占人均生态足迹的30．11％～37．34％以及29．83％-33．53％，其次是化石能源地（17．60％～22．85％）。而供给以耕地为主，占人均生态承载力的51．02％～53．23％。研究期间万元GDP生态足迹总体上呈下降趋势，表明湖南省的资源利用率不断提高。同时根据生态盈亏的影响因素，并结合湖南省经济发展现状和资源分布特点，探讨了降低和消除区域生态赤字的措施建议。

Dynamic changes of ecological footprint and ecological capacity in Hunan province

Ecological footprint method is an effective approach for quantitatively measuring the regional sustainable development degree. To quantitatively evaluate dynamic variation of the sustainable development degree of Hunan Province, dynamic changes of ecological footprint from 1998 to 2006 were analyzed based on ecological footprint method. The analysis on the dynamic changes of ecological footprint and ecological capacity in Hunan Province showed that in 1998--2006, the ecological footprint per capita in the province increased from 1.244 1 hm2 to 1.633 7 hm2. While the ecological capacity per capita decreased from 0.481 9 hm2 to 0.455 6 hm2, with an increased ecological deficit year after year. The per-capita ecological deficit increased from 0.762 2 hm2 in 1998 to 1.182 1 hmz in 2006. The contradiction between the ecological footprint and ecological capacity pricked up gradually, and the ecological environment was at risk. There existed a severe imbalance in the supply and demand of ecological footprint per capita. The main body of the demands was grassland and cultivated land accounting for 30.11%-37.34% and 29.83%-33.53% respectively, and next to fossil fuel with accounting for 17.60%-22.85% of the total, while their supply was cultivated land occupied 51.02%-53.23%. As a whole, the ecological footprint per ten thousand yuan GDP declined in the five years, indicating that the resources use efficiency in the province was improved gradually. Based on the causes of the ecological deficit, and the present situation of the economic development and resources distribution in the province, some measures were advanced to reduce and eliminate the ecological deficit in Hunan Province.